This review deals with the synthesis and preparative uses of metallic derivatives of primary and secondary arsines, stibines, and bismuthines. Reaction of these derivatives (usually called arsenides, stibides, and bismuthides) with organic halides has become an important synthetic pathway to tertiary arsines, stibines, and bismuthines. They have also proved useful for the preparation of organic compounds containing covalent bonds between arsenic or antimony and silicon, germanium, tin, or lead. A number of secondary arsines have been obtained by the reaction of arsenides of the type RAsHNa with alkyl halides. 1. The Cleavage of Triarylarsines or Triarylstibines with Alkali Metals. 2. The Cleavage of Diarsines, Bis[diarylarsenic] Oxides, and Arseno Compounds. 3. The Reaction of Secondary Arsines and Stibines with Organolithium Compounds or with Alkali Metals. 4. The Reaction of Primary Arsines with Sodium or Potassium. 5. The Reaction of Primary Arsines with Organolithium Reagents. 6. Reactions in which Haloarsines, Halostibines, or Halobismuthines react with an Alkali Metal. 7. Reactions of the Alkali Metal Arsenides M3As and (M2As)2 and the Alkali Metal Stibides M3Sb and (M2Sb)2 with Alkyl Halides. 8. Miscellaneous Reactions.
这篇综述涉及了初级和次级
肼、
锑烷和
铋烷的
金属衍
生物的合成及其制备应用。这些衍
生物(通常称为
砷化物、
锑化物和
铋化物)与有机卤化物的反应已成为合成三级
肼、
锑烷和
铋烷的重要途径。它们在制备含
砷或
锑与
硅、
锗、
锡或
铅的共价键的有机化合物方面也已被证明是有用的。通过
砷化物类型为RAsHNa与烷基卤化物的反应,已获得许多次级
砷化物。
1. 三芳基
肼或三芳基
锑与碱
金属的裂解。
2. 二
肼、双[二芳基
肼]氧化物和
肼化合物的裂解。
3. 次级
砷烷和
锑烷与
有机锂化合物或碱
金属的反应。
4. 初级
砷烷与
钠或
钾的反应。
5. 初级
砷烷与
有机锂试剂的反应。
6. 卤
砷烷、卤
锑烷或卤
铋烷与碱
金属的反应。
7. 碱
金属
砷化物M3As和(M2As)2以及碱
金属
锑化物M3Sb和(M2Sb)2与烷基卤化物的反应。
8. 其他反应。