Differential analgesic activity of the enantiomers of atropine derivatives does not correlate with their muscarinic subtype selectivity
摘要:
The enantiomers of several tropic and p-substituted tropic acid esters related to atropine obtained by esterification under non-racemizing conditions after resolution of the corresponding racemic acids [(+)- and (-)-18, (+)- and (-)-19] are reported. They were tested in vitro on muscarinic subtype receptors and in vivo for their analgesic activity on mice. As in the case of the lead compound, R-(+)-hyoscyamine, these substances show enantioselectivity in analgesic tests, the eutomers being the R-(+) or R-(+)-p-substituted tropic acid derivatives. However, this property, which is a consequence of increased central release of ACh, seems unrelated to muscarinic subtype selectivity insofar as the compounds are unable to discriminate muscarinic subtype receptors. A possible explanation of these results which does not involve subtype selectivity is proposed, based on the recently developed concept of inverse agonism.
Subjects having at least one condition selected from the group consisting of mental retardation, Down's syndrome, fragile X syndrome and autism are treated with a composition that includes gamma-am inobutyric acid agonists and/or MI muscarinic receptor antagonists. The gamma-am inobutyric acid agonist (GABA) can be a GABA(B) agonist, such as baclofen. GABA(B) agonists can be used in combination with Group I mGluR antagonists and MI muscarinic receptor antagonists in methods of treating humans.
患有至少一种选自精神发育迟滞、唐氏综合症、脆性 X 综合症和自闭症的受试者,可使用一种包括γ-氨基丁酸激动剂和/或 MI 肌肽受体拮抗剂的组合物进行治疗。γ-氨基丁酸激动剂(GABA)可以是 GABA(B)激动剂,如巴氯芬。GABA(B) 激动剂可与 I 组 mGluR 拮抗剂和 MI 类毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂联合用于治疗人类的方法中。
[EN] METHOD FOR IMPROVING STABILITY OF LOW-CONCENTRATION ATROPINE OPHTHALMIC PREPARATION<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DESTINÉ À AMÉLIORER LA STABILITÉ D'UNE PRÉPARATION OPHTALMIQUE D'ATROPINE À FAIBLE CONCENTRATION<br/>[ZH] 一种提高低浓度阿托品眼用制剂稳定性的方法
Two-Step Iron(0)-Mediated N-Demethylation of <i>N</i>-Methyl Alkaloids
作者:Gaik B. Kok、Cory C. Pye、Robert D. Singer、Peter J. Scammells
DOI:10.1021/jo1008492
日期:2010.7.16
A mild and simple two-step Fe(0)-mediated N-demethylation of a number of tertiary N-methyl alkaloids is described. The tertiary N-methylamine is first oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, which is isolated as the hydrochloride salt. Subsequent treatment of the N-oxide hydrochloride with iron powder readily provides the N-demethylated amine. Representative substrates include a number of opiate and tropane alkaloids. Key intermediates in the synthesis of semisynthetic 14-hydroxy pharmaceutical opiates such as oxycodone and oxymorphone are also readily N-demethylated using this method.
SANTAMARIA, J.;OUCHABANE, R.;RIGAUDY, J., TETRAHEDRON LETT., 30,(1989) N2, C. 2927-2928