Structural Insights into the Development of Cycloguanil Derivatives asTrypanosoma bruceiPteridine-Reductase-1 Inhibitors
摘要:
Cycloguanil is a known dihydrofolate-reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, but there is no evidence of its activity on pteridine reductase (PTR), the main metabolic bypass to DHFR inhibition in trypanosomatid parasites. Here, we provide experimental evidence of cycloguanil as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei PTR1 (TbPTR1). A small library of cycloguanil derivatives was developed, resulting in 1 and 2a having IC50 values of 692 and 186 nM, respectively, toward TbPTR1. Structural analysis revealed that the increased potency of 1 and 2a is due to the combined contributions of hydrophobic interactions, H-bonds, and halogen bonds. Moreover, in vitro cell-growth-inhibition tests indicated that 2a is also effective on T. brucei. The simultaneous inhibition of DHFR and PTR1 activity in T. brucei is a promising new strategy for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. For this purpose, 1,6-dihydrotriazines represent new molecular tools to develop potent dual PTR and DHFR inhibitors.
New One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines: Three-Component Condensation, Dimroth Rearrangement, and Dehydrogenative Aromatization
作者:Ahmad Junaid、Felicia Phei Lin Lim、Edward R. T. Tiekink、Anton V. Dolzhenko
DOI:10.1021/acscombsci.9b00079
日期:2019.7.8
A new, effective one-pot synthesis of the 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines undermicrowaveirradiation was developed. The method involved an initial three-component condensation of cyanoguanidine, aromaticaldehydes, and arylamines in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Without isolation, the resulting 1,6-diaryl-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines were treated with a base to initiate Dimroth
Synthesis of Solution-Phase Combinatorial Library of 4,6-Diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine and Identification of New Leads Against A16V+S108T Mutant Dihydrofolate Reductase of Plasmodium falciparum
An efficient method to synthesize solution-phase combinatorial library of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine was developed. The strategy involved an acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation between arylbiguanide hydrochlorides and carbonyl compounds in the presence of triethyl orthoacetate as water scavenger. A 96-membered combinatorial library was constructed from 6 aryl biguanides and 16 carbonyl compounds. Screening of the library by iterative deconvolution method revealed two candidate leads which are equally active against wild-type Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase, but are about 100-fold more effective against the A16V + S108T mutant enzyme as compared to cycloguanil. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
1-Aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazine as antimalarial agent: a new synthetic route
作者:M. Kidwai、P. Mothsra、R. Mohan、S. Biswas
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.049
日期:2005.2
Some novel derivatives of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines have been synthesized using neat technology under microwaves. These were tested in vitro against both sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains for antimalarial activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.