摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 染料及颜料 颜料

    颜料

    颜料是一种白色或有色的微细粉状物质，它不溶于水或油等介质中，却能在其中均匀分散，在这种体系里，颜料为分散相而介质为连续相。当与各种介质（包括展色剂）混合时，可以使物体着色，并且自身不会溶解在被着色物中，从而赋予物体特定色彩；有时文献还会进一步规定，颜料不应与被着色物发生化学反应。然而，随着科技的进步，这一限制已被打破，因为有些颜料可以与被着色物产生一定的化学作用。

    作为颜料应具备适当的颜色（包括白色）、良好的着色力、遮盖力、高度分散性、对光的稳定性以及色泽鲜艳等特性。根据其化学组成，可分为无机颜料和有机颜料；按颜色分类，则有白色、红色、黄色、黑色等多种颜料；而依据来源又分为天然与合成两大类，其中天然颜料进一步细分为动物、植物和矿物三种。

    按照用途，颜料大致可以分为着色颜料、体质颜料及功能颜料。着色颜料包括无机和有机两类，主要是为了赋予应用介质各种颜色；体质颜料则是一种既无着色力也无遮盖力的颜料，早期主要用于降低成本并改善涂料、塑料等产品的性能，现在被称作填料或体质（增量）颜料，主要来源于天然矿产品如碳酸钙、滑石粉、云母粉及合成品如沉淀硫酸钡；功能颜料则赋予产品特定功能，例如示温颜料、防污颜料、发光颜料等。

    与染料相比，颜料不溶于介质中，有些甚至不会溶解在被着色物中，并且一般也不会与其发生化学反应。然而，有时两者可以互相通用，如某些蒽醌类染料既可用作染料也可用作颜料；而一些颜料和染料之间也可以相互转换，比如通过将染料转化为不溶性的色淀来制作颜料。

    在涂料工业中，颜料是不可或缺的原料之一。此外，它们还广泛应用于印刷、橡胶、塑料、化纤、造纸、陶瓷、玻璃、搪瓷、印染、建材、油墨和绘画等行业，能够赋予产品装饰性、不透明性、耐久性和特殊功能等特性。随着科技的发展，高性能颜料的应用将会进一步扩大和改进。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    C.I.颜料黄183 Benzenesulfonic acid, 4,5-dichloro-2-[2-[4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl]-, calcium salt (1:1) 65212-77-3 C16H12CaCl2N4O7S2
    C.I.颜料黄183
    C.I.颜料黄17 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[1-(2-methoxyanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide 4531-49-1 C34H30Cl2N6O6
    C.I.颜料黄17
    C.I.颜料黄155 2,2'-[1,4-phenylene-bis[imino-1-acetyl-2-oxo-2,1-ethanediyl-azo]]bis-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester 68516-73-4 C34H32N6O12
    C.I.颜料黄155
    C.I.颜料黄14 pigment yellow 14 5468-75-7 C34H30Cl2N6O4
    C.I.颜料黄14
    C.I.颜料黄12 C.I. pigment yellow 12 6358-85-6 C32H26Cl2N6O4
    C.I.颜料黄12
    C.I.颜料蓝27 prussian blue 12240-15-2 C6FeN6*Fe*K
    C.I.颜料蓝27
    C.I.颜料蓝1 victoria blue BO 1325-87-7 C33H40N3
    C.I.颜料蓝1
    C.I.颜料红8 pigment red 8 6410-30-6 C24H17ClN4O4
    C.I.颜料红8
    C.I.颜料红7 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-4-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- 6471-51-8 C25H19Cl2N3O2
    C.I.颜料红7
    C.I.颜料红58 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- 25310-97-8 C17H11ClN2O6S
    C.I.颜料红58
    C.I.颜料红40 1-(2'-hydroxynaphthylazo)naphthalene 2653-64-7 C20H14N2O
    C.I.颜料红40
    C.I.颜料红32 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboximidic acid 6410-29-3 C31H24N4O4
    C.I.颜料红32
    C.I.颜料红31 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboximidic acid 6448-96-0 C31H23N5O6
    C.I.颜料红31
    C.I.颜料红208 Benzoic acid, 2-[[3-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl]azo]-, butyl ester 31778-10-6 C29H25N5O5
    C.I.颜料红208
    C.I.颜料红17 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- 6655-84-1 C25H20N4O4
    C.I.颜料红17
    C.I.颜料红 176 Pigment Red 176 12225-06-8 C32H24N6O5
    C.I.颜料红 176
    C.I.颜料紫3 C.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatetungstatephosphate 1325-82-2 C20H19N3
    C.I.颜料紫3
    C.I.颜料紫1 rhodamine B 64381-98-2 C28H31N2O3
    C.I.颜料紫1
    C.I.颜料橙14 2,2'-[(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] 6837-37-2 C38H40N6O6
    C.I.颜料橙14
    7-氯靛红 7-chloroisatin 7477-63-6 C8H4ClNO2
    7-氯靛红
    5-氯-2-[(2-羟-1-萘基)偶氮]-4-甲基苯磺酸单钠盐 2092-56-0 C17H13ClN2NaO4S
    5-氯-2-[(2-羟-1-萘基)偶氮]-4-甲基苯磺酸单钠盐
    5-(2,3-二氢-6-甲基-2-氧代-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)偶氮-6-羟基-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶三酮 5-[(2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)azo]barbituric acid 72102-84-2 C12H10N6O4
    5-(2,3-二氢-6-甲基-2-氧代-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)偶氮-6-羟基-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶三酮
    4-氨基-5-羟基-3-[[4-[[4-(苯基氨基)-5-磺酸基-1-萘基]偶氮]苯基]偶氮]-6-(苯基偶氮)萘-2,7-二磺酸三钠 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-(2-(4-(2-(4-(phenylamino)-5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-6-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:3) 68155-61-3 C38H25N8Na3O10S3
    4-氨基-5-羟基-3-[[4-[[4-(苯基氨基)-5-磺酸基-1-萘基]偶氮]苯基]偶氮]-6-(苯基偶氮)萘-2,7-二磺酸三钠
    4,4'-[[3,3'-二氯(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二基]二(偶氮)]二[2,4-二氢-5-甲基-2-苯基-3H-吡唑-3-酮] pigment orange 13 3520-72-7 C32H24Cl2N8O2
    4,4'-[[3,3'-二氯(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二基]二(偶氮)]二[2,4-二氢-5-甲基-2-苯基-3H-吡唑-3-酮]
    3133永固红2BN 7585-41-3 C18H13BaClN2O6S
    3133永固红2BN
    3-羟基-4-[(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)偶氮]-N-(2-甲苯基)-2-萘甲酰胺(9CL) 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- 6410-32-8 C25H20N4O4
    3-羟基-4-[(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)偶氮]-N-(2-甲苯基)-2-萘甲酰胺(9CL)
    2,2'-(2,2',5,5'-四氯-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-双偶氮)双[N-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-3-氧代-丁酰胺] 2-[[2,5-dichloro-4-[2,5-dichloro-4-[[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide 22094-93-5 C36H32Cl4N6O4
    2,2'-(2,2',5,5'-四氯-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-双偶氮)双[N-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-3-氧代-丁酰胺]
    —— Disodium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 3564-21-4 C18H11ClN2Na2O6S
    Disodium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate
    —— 7538-59-2 C17H11CaClN2O6S
    —— D & C Red No. 9 5160-02-1 Ba*2C17H12ClN2O4S
    D & C Red No. 9
    —— Lithol Rubine B 5858-81-1 C18H12N2O6S*2Na
    Lithol Rubine B
    —— sodium;iron(2+);1-nitrosonaphthalen-2-olate 16143-80-9 C90H54FeN9NaO18-6
    sodium;iron(2+);1-nitrosonaphthalen-2-olate
    —— Prussian blue 12240-15-2 3C6FeN6*4Fe*(x)H2O
    Prussian blue
    —— 4-[(5-Chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate;manganese(2+) 5280-66-0 C18H10ClMnN2O6S-
    4-[(5-Chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate;manganese(2+)
    —— sodium tris(naphto-2-quinone-1-oximato)ferrate(II) 15635-53-7 C30H18FeN3O6*Na
    sodium tris(naphto-2-quinone-1-oximato)ferrate(II)
    —— 4-(2-sulfo-p-tolylazo)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid calcium salt 5281-09-4 C18H12N2O6S*Ca
    4-(2-sulfo-p-tolylazo)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid calcium salt
    —— zinc molybdate 13767-32-3 MoO4*Zn
    zinc molybdate
    —— Molybdenum zinc oxide 61583-60-6 MoO4Zn-6
    Molybdenum zinc oxide
    —— 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5'-(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diylidene)bis- 36888-99-0 C16H9N5O6
    2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5'-(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diylidene)bis-
    —— Calcium 4,5-dichloro-2-[[4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulphonatophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]azo]benzenesulphonate 65212-77-3 C16H10CaCl2N4O7S2
    Calcium 4,5-dichloro-2-[[4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulphonatophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]azo]benzenesulphonate
    —— Ferrate(1-), tris(1,2-naphthalenedione 1-oximato-O,O')-, sodium 16143-80-9 C30H18FeN3O6*Na
    Ferrate(1-), tris(1,2-naphthalenedione 1-oximato-O,O')-, sodium
    —— Arsenic sulfide 1303-33-9 As2S3
    Arsenic sulfide
    —— Hansagelb G 2512-29-0 C17H16N4O4
    Hansagelb G
    —— Kaolin 1332-58-7 H2Al2Si2O8 H2O
    Kaolin
    —— 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-[[3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid 185252-52-2 C17H15ClN4O7S2
    4-chloro-5-methyl-2-[[3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid
    —— [9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium;dihydrogen phosphate;dioxomolybdenum;sulfuric acid 1326-03-0 C28H35MoN2O13PS
    [9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium;dihydrogen phosphate;dioxomolybdenum;sulfuric acid
    —— Kaolinite (Al2(OH)4(Si2O5)) 1318-74-7 Al2H4O9Si2
    Kaolinite (Al2(OH)4(Si2O5))
    —— Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chloro-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-methyl-, calcium salt (1:1) 129423-54-7 C17H13CaClN4O7S2
    Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chloro-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-methyl-, calcium salt (1:1)
    —— C.I. pigment yellow 109 5045-40-9 C23H8Cl8N4O2
    C.I. pigment yellow 109
    —— pigment red 264 88949-33-1 C30H20N2O2
    pigment red 264