The Vilsmeier reagent derived from N-formylmorpholine produces chlorothioformates from primary and secondary alkyl xanthates. The major side products are the corresponding alkyl chlorides. Secondary alkyl chlorothioformates give lower yields due to their instability. Treating xanthates with other common chlorinating agents (oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride) gives only dialkyl thiodicarbonates.
GELLED HYDROCARBONS FOR OILFIELD PROCESSES, PHOSPHATE ESTER COMPOUNDS USEFUL IN GELLATION OF HYDROCARBONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF
申请人:GHESNER IOAN
公开号:US20110046408A1
公开(公告)日:2011-02-24
Phosphate esters useful for gelling hydrocarbons in combination with a metal source are disclosed along with methods of preparation of the phosphate esters. Fouling in oil refinery towers has been attributed due to distillation of impurities present in phosphate esters used to gel hydrocarbons for oil well fracturing. The improved method of preparation of the phosphate ester results in a product that substantially reduces or eliminates volatile phosphorus, which is phosphorus impurities that distill up to 250° C., and increases the high temperature viscosity of the hydrocarbon gels formed using the phosphate esters.
Novel aromatic polyphosphate ester-acids and amine salts thereof are described. These products are eminently useful as ashless antiwear agents in lubricating oils.