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三溴化锑 | 7789-61-9

中文名称
三溴化锑
中文别名
溴化锑;溴化锑(III)
英文名称
antimony tribromide
英文别名
antimony(III) bromide;antimony bromide;Antimony(3+);tribromide
三溴化锑化学式
CAS
7789-61-9
化学式
Br3Sb
mdl
——
分子量
361.462
InChiKey
RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    97 °C
  • 沸点:
    280 °C
  • 密度:
    4.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 闪点:
    280°C
  • 溶解度:
    易溶于稀盐酸、氢溴酸、二硫化碳、乙醇、丙酮、氨水、苯、氯仿。
  • 暴露限值:
    ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 50 mg/m3; TWA 0.5 mg/m3
  • 介电常数:
    20.899999999999999
  • 物理描述:
    Antimony tribromide is a yellow crystalline solid, which is sometimes shipped as a solution in hydrobromic acid. It is decomposed by water giving an antimony oxide and hydrobromic acid. It is corrosive to tissue. It is used to make other antimony compounds, in chemical analysis, and in dyeing.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Yellow orthorhombic crystals
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1 mm Hg at 93.9 °C
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. **稳定性**:稳定。 2. **禁配物**:强氧化剂、碱类。 3. **避免接触的条件**:受热、光照、潮湿空气。 4. **聚合危害**:不聚合。
  • 分解:
    Decomposed by light, water, alcohol.
  • 汽化热:
    53.2 kJ/mol at 560 °C
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.74

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.16
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
溴主要通过吸入进入人体,但也可能通过皮肤接触。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的活性,它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中,取代其他卤素。锑在人体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高的锑水平。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到人体各组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属,因此不会发生分解。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用,以及与内源性配体(如蛋白质)发生许多可逆的绑定相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出。部分粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑,通过粘膜纤毛活动从肺部清除到食管,进入胃肠 tract. (L741, L626)
Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (L741, L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:三溴化锑是一种黄色或无色固体。它在分析化学中用作定影剂,用于制造锑盐。人体研究:吸入会引起咳嗽、窒息,以及头痛、头晕和虚弱等不同症状,随后可能出现肺水肿、呼吸困难、发绀和血痰。皮肤接触会造成严重烧伤。烧伤愈合缓慢,伴有疤痕形成。可能导致贫血和血尿。动物研究:长期吸入亚毒性剂量的锑盐会引起间质性肺炎、肺泡内脂质沉积以及肝脏和心脏损伤。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Antimony tribromide is a yellow or colorless solid. It is used in analytical chemistry, as a mordant, in manufacture of antimony salts. HUMAN STUDIES: Inhalation causes coughing, choking, and variable symptoms of headache, dizziness, and weakness followed by pulmonary edema, difficult breathing, cyanosis, and bloody sputum. Skin contact causes severe burns. Burns heal slowly with scar formation. May produce anemia and bloody urine. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chronic inhalation of subtoxic doses of antimony salts causes interstitial pneumonitis, intraalveolar lipoid deposits, and liver and cardiac damage.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
溴是一种强大的氧化剂,能够从粘膜的水分中释放出氧自由基。这些自由基也是有力的氧化剂,能够造成组织损伤。此外,氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统,导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子取代神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子的结果,从而影响许多突触过程。吸入数据表明,心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而,一些研究表明,锑与包括对组织呼吸重要的几种酶在内的巯基团结合。BAL的解毒作用取决于其阻止或破坏锑与关键酶结合的能力。而且,死亡原因被认为与急性砷中毒基本相同。(T18,L741,A238,L626,L627,A543)
Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In addition, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. (T18, L741, A238, L626, L627, A543)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
无致癌性迹象(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂,长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒,可能导致从中睡到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理性反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、麻痹、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神疾病等中枢反应。皮肤接触锑会导致锑斑(围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱)。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响,包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和液体丢失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、惊厥和死亡是可能的。(L741, L625, L626, L627)
Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741, L625, L626, L627)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服(L626);吸入(L626);皮肤给药(L626)
Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    8
  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,N
  • 安全说明:
    S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R20/22,R51/53
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3260 8/PG 2
  • RTECS号:
    CC4400000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    8
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项: - 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。 - 远离火种和热源。 - 包装需密封,避免受潮。 - 应与氧化剂和碱类分开存放,切忌混储。 - 储区应备有合适的材料以处理泄漏。

SDS

SDS:61c45edaf1655b3efe9fd03d79bcfa5d
查看
国标编号: 81523
CAS: 7789-61-9
中文名称: 三溴化锑
英文名称: Antimony tribromide;Antimony bromide
别 名: 溴化锑
分子式: SbBr 3
分子量: 361.48
熔 点: 96.6℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)4.15
蒸汽压:
溶解性: 溶于盐酸
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 黄色结晶,有潮解性
危险标记: 20(酸性腐蚀品)
用 途: 用作试剂

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害

侵入途径:吸入、食入。
健康危害:本品对呼吸道有刺激性,接触后可引起咳嗽、恶心和口中金属味。高浓度接触发生肺水肿、心律不齐,甚至心博停止,造成死亡。皮肤或眼接触可致灼伤。
慢性影响:反复接触引起头痛、食欲不振、咽干、失眠。可能发生肝肾损害。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

危险特性:受热或遇水分解放热,放出有毒的腐蚀性烟气。
燃烧(分解)产物:溴化氢。


3.现场应急监测方法:



4.实验室监测方法:
原子吸收法(EPA方法 7040、7041)


5.环境标准:
美国 车间卫生标准 0.5mg/m3[Sb]


6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理

隔离泄漏污染区,周围设警告标志,建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具,穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物,用洁清的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中,运至废物处理场所。如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护:可能接触其粉尘时,应该佩带防尘口罩。必要时佩带防毒面具。
眼睛防护:戴化学安全防护眼镜。
防护服:穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。
手防护:戴橡皮手套。
其它:工作后,淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服,洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触:立即用水冲洗至少15分钟。若有灼伤,就医治疗。
眼睛接触:立即提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:患者清醒时立即漱口,给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。

灭火方法:泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

制备方法与用途

类别

腐蚀物品

毒性分级

高毒

急性毒性

口服-大鼠 LD50: 525毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

遇发孔剂可燃;遇氰化物放出有毒的氢氰酸气体;受热产生有毒的溴化物和含锑化物烟雾;与水反应生成腐蚀性的溴化氢气体

储运特性

应存放在库房中,保持通风、低温和干燥环境,并与其他氧化剂、氰化物、发孔剂及碱类分开存放。

灭火剂

砂土、泡沫、干粉

职业标准

时间加权平均容许浓度(TWA): 0.5毫克/立方米(锑) 短时间接触容许浓度(STEL): 1.5毫克/立方米(锑)

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    三溴化锑 在 potassium iodide 作用下, 生成 碘化锑
    参考文献:
    名称:
    MacIvor, R. W. E., Chemical news and journal of industrial science, 1874, vol. 29, p. 255
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    三氟化锑 作用下, 生成 三溴化锑
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Swarts, F., Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, Academie Royale de Belgique, 1892, vol. 24, # 3, p. 309
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    4-硝基甲苯三溴化锑 作用下, 生成 对硝基溴化苄
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Cavill, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1946, vol. 65, p. 124
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organostibines with Organoboronic Acids
    作者:Dejiang Zhang、Liyuan Le、Renhua Qiu、Wai‐Yeung Wong、Nobuaki Kambe
    DOI:10.1002/anie.202011491
    日期:2021.2.8
    successful synthesis of arylated stibine 3 a in a scale of 34.77 g demonstrates high synthetic potential of this transformation. The formed stibines (R3Sb) were then used for the palladiumcatalyzed carbon–carbon bond forming reaction with aryl boronic acids [R−B(OH)2], giving biaryls with high selectivity, even the structures of two organomoieties (R and R′) are very similar. Plausible catalytic pathways
    镍催化的halostibines交叉偶联,开发了一种形成锑-碳键的策略。该方法已被用于从相应的环状和非环状halostibines合成各种三芳基和二芳基烷基stibines。该方案显示了广泛的底物范围(72个实例),并且与各种官能团(如醛,酮,烯烃,炔烃,卤代芳烃(F,Cl,Br,I)和杂芳烃)兼容。成功合成规模为34.77 g的芳基锑化3a证明了这种转化的高合成潜力。然后将形成的stibines(R 3 Sb)用于与芳基硼酸[ RB (OH)2的钯催化的碳-碳键形成反应,从而产生具有高选择性的联芳基,甚至两个有机基团(R和R')的结构也非常相似。根据控制实验提出了合理的催化途径。
  • Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of ethynylstibanes with organic halides
    作者:Naoki Kakusawa、Kouichiro Yamaguchi、Jyoji Kurita
    DOI:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.03.021
    日期:2005.6
    The reaction of ethynylstibanes (1a–g) with vinyl halides or triflate in the presence of a palladium catalyst led to the formation of cross-coupling products (5a–g, 10–12) in good to moderate yield, along with homo-coupling products (6a–g). A similar reaction of ethynyldiphenylstibane (1a) with aryl iodides (13a–i) also gave cross-coupling products (14a–i), although the yields were relatively low.
    在钯催化剂的存在下,乙炔基苯乙烯(1a – g)与卤化乙烯或三氟甲磺酸酯的反应导致形成交联产物(5a – g,10 – 12),具有良好至中等的收率以及均相偶联产品(6a–g)。乙炔基二苯基乙b (1a)与芳基碘化物(13a – i)的类似反应也产生交叉偶联产物(14a – i),尽管产量相对较低。交叉偶联产物的产率高度依赖于所用溶剂的性质,当反应在HMPA或胺(如二乙胺和吗啉)中进行时,可获得良好的结果。结果表明,HMPA和用作溶剂的胺可通过锑和氧(对于HMPA)或氮(对于胺)之间的分子间配位作用,促进1上的乙炔基向钯的金属转移。
  • On structural phase transitions in piperidinium halogenoantimonates(III) and bismuthates(III): X-ray, calorimetric, dilatometric, dielectric and Raman studies
    作者:B. Bednarska-Bolek、J. Zaleski、G. Bator、R. Jakubas
    DOI:10.1016/s0022-3697(99)00414-x
    日期:2000.8
    The X-ray studies on (C5H10NH2)2BiCl5 show that it crystallises in orthorhombic Pna21 space group. The structure has been refined to R=0.0336. It consists of one-dimensional (BiCl52−)n polyanionic chains and two non-equivalent piperidinium cations, one ordered and one disordered. The disorder is realised by splitting all atoms between two positions with half occupancy. The Raman studies of the polycrystalline
    摘要 通过差示扫描量热法、热膨胀、介电和拉曼散射技术研究了三种哌啶类似物:(C5H10NH2)2BiCl5、(C5H10NH2)2BiBr5 和 (C5H10NH2)2SbBr5。每种哌啶盐都会经历一个高温结构相变,这被归类为“有序-无序”类型。所有跃迁都与有机阳离子重新定向运动的开始有关。(C5H10NH2)2BiCl5 的 X 射线研究表明它在正交 Pna21 空间群中结晶。结构已精修至 R=0.0336。它由一维 (BiCl52-)n 聚阴离子链和两种非等价的哌啶鎓阳离子组成,一种有序,一种无序。这种无序是通过在两个位置之间以一半的占有率分裂所有原子来实现的。
  • Synthesis of arylboronates by boron-induced ipso-deantimonation of triarylstibanes with boron trihalides and its application in one-pot two-step transmetallation/cross-coupling reactions
    作者:Shuji Yasuike、Kazuhide Nakata、Weiwei Qin、Mio Matsumura、Naoki Kakusawa、Jyoji Kurita
    DOI:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.04.017
    日期:2015.7
    The reaction of triarylstibanes (1) with boron trihalides (BCl3, and BBr3) afforded arylboron dihalides (2) by utilizing all the three aryl groups on the antimony. Boron intermediates (2) were transformed to arylboronates (3) in good to excellent yields by treatment with methanol and 1,3-propanediol. Further, the Pd-catalyzed reactions of 2 with organic halides such as 1-bromonaphthalene and benzoyl
    三芳基苯乙烯类化合物(1)与三卤化硼(BCl 3和BBr 3)的反应通过利用锑上的所有三个芳基基团提供了芳基硼二卤化物(2)。通过用甲醇和1,3-丙二醇处理,将硼中间体(2)以良好至优异的产率转化为芳基硼酸酯(3)。此外,在H 2 O存在下Pd催化2与有机卤化物(例如1-溴萘和苯甲酰氯)的反应提供了相应的交叉偶联产物,不对称联芳基(4)和酮(5),以中等到良好的产量。通过分子轨道计算确定三芳基苯乙烯类化合物(1)与BCl 3提供2的金属转移的势能面。对取代基对理论计算的反应性的影响的分析表明,环取代基对这些金属转移反应的共振作用的重要性。
  • Preparation and crystal structures of diphenylantimony(III) thiocyanate and bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)antimony(III) thiocyanate
    作者:Glynis E. Forster、Michael J. Begley、D. Bryan Sowerby
    DOI:10.1039/dt9950000377
    日期:——
    Diphenylantimony(III) and bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)antimony(III) thiocyanates have been prepared by metathesis reactions between the appropriate diarylantimony(III) halide and potassium thiocyanate in acetonitrile solution. The second compound was also obtained by thermal decomposition of tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl)antimony(V) dithiocyanate. Crystal structure determinations showed that in SbPh2(NCS) the
    通过在乙腈溶液中适当的二芳基锑(III)卤化物和硫氰酸钾之间的复分解反应制备了二苯基锑(III)和双(2,6-二甲基苯基)锑(III)硫氰酸盐。第二化合物也通过三(2,6-二甲基苯基)锑(V)二硫氰酸盐的热分解而获得。晶体结构测定表明,在SbPh 2(NCS)中,硫氰酸酯基团在锑中心之间架桥,得到无限的聚合物,而2,6-二甲基取代的类似物为N键合的单体。二苯基锑结构可能是独特的,因为不对称单元由三个分子式单元组成,尽管每个硫氰酸酯基团是桥接的,但两个主要是N键合的,而第三个主要是S键合的。桥接氮的角度大(150.4–174.9°),而硫的角度接近90°(85.7–98.6°)。这些与在锑的伪三角形-双锥体排列的轴向位置上存在的硫氰酸酯基团结合在一起,导致聚合物链产生奇怪的“三角形螺旋”结构。
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