Barium chlorate | 13477-00-4

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: Barium chlorate
• 英文别名: barium(2+);dichlorate
• CAS: 13477-00-4；13477-00-4 (anhydrous)；10294-38-9 (monohydrate)
• 化学式: BaCl2O6
• 分子量: 304.23
• InChiKey: ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  414 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  3.18 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 溶解度：
  微溶于乙醇、丙酮
• 物理描述：
  Barium chlorate appears as a white crystalline solid. Forms very flammable mixtures with combustible materials. Mixtures may be ignited by friction and may be explosive if the combustible material is finely divided. Contact with concentrated sulfuric acid solutions may cause fires or explosions. May spontaneously decompose and ignite when mixed with ammonium salt. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Used in explosives and pyrotechnics, in dyeing textiles, and to make other chlorates.
• 颜色/状态：
  White crystals
• 分解：
  250 °C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -7.51
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  114
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

硫酸钡化合物通过摄入和吸入被吸收，其程度取决于具体化合物。在人体内，大部分的钡存在于骨骼中，而少量存在于肌肉、脂肪、皮肤和结缔组织中。钡在体内不被代谢，但可能会被运输或结合到复合物或组织中。钡通过尿液和粪便排出。

Barium compounds are absorbed via ingestion and inhalation, the extent of which depends on the individual compound. In the body, the majority of the barium is found in the bone, while small amounts exists in the muscle, adipose, skin, and connective tissue. Barium is not metabolized in the body, but it may be transported or incorporated into complexes or tissues. Barium is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钡是一种竞争性的钾通道拮抗剂，它可以阻止细胞内钾离子的被动外流，导致钾离子从细胞外向细胞内转移。细胞内钾离子的转移导致静息膜电位的降低，使得肌肉纤维在电学上不可兴奋，从而引起瘫痪。钡的这些作用可能部分是由于钡引起的神经肌肉阻滞和膜去极化。

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. (L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；不可分类为人类致癌物。/钡和可溶性化合物，如Ba/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Barium and soluble compounds, as Ba/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

不同钡化合物的健康影响取决于化合物在水中或胃内容物中的溶解程度。在低剂量时，钡作为一种肌肉刺激剂，而更高的剂量则影响神经系统，导致心脏不规律、震颤、无力、焦虑、呼吸困难、麻痹甚至可能死亡。钡还可能引起胃肠不适，损害肾脏并导致体重下降。

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. (L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

这种物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

氯化钡溶液被肌肉注射到五个儿童体内，静脉注射到两个成人，所有受试者都有正常的骨骼代谢。其中三个儿童和一个成人也在同一注射中接受了氯化钙。注射后，血清中钡的浓度迅速下降约0.6天，然后更慢；即便如此，第6天检测到的量也不到剂量的0.0002%。钙的排泄模式相似，但初始和最终速率都较慢。在相同条件下，骨骼吸收钡的速度比钙快，但由于钡的排泄速度更快，因此骨骼可利用的钡更少。

A solution of barium chloride was injected intramuscularly into five children and intravenously into two adults, all with normal skeletal metabolism. Three of the children and one adult also received calcium chloride in the same injection. Following injection, the concentration of barium in the serum fell rapidly for about 0.6 day and then more slowly; even so, the amount detected on day 6 was less than 0.0002% of the dose. The pattern of excretion of calcium was similar, but both the initial and final rates were slower. Bone took up barium more rapidly than calcium under the same conditions, but, because of the more rapid excretion of barium, less of it was available to the bone.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  5.1
• 危险品标志：
  O,N,Xn
• 安全说明：
  S13,S27,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R9
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 海关编码：
  2829199000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  5.1

制备方法与用途

水中溶解度(g/100ml) 不同温度(℃)时每100毫升水中的溶解克数：

• 20.3g/0℃
• 26.9g/10℃
• 33.9g/20℃
• 41.6g/30℃
• 49.7g/40℃
• 66.7g/60℃
• 84.8g/80℃
• 105g/100℃

类别 氧化剂

毒性分级 高毒

急性毒性 参考值：口服 - 大鼠 LD50: 335 毫克/公斤

爆炸物危险特性 与有机物、还原剂、硫、磷等易燃物质混合可爆。

可燃性危险特性 高温分解产生氧气；遇有机物、还原剂、硫、磷等易燃物质可燃；燃烧时会产生有毒的氯化物和含钡化合物烟雾。

储运特性 应存放在通风良好的库房中，轻装轻卸，并与有机物、还原剂、硫或磷等易燃物质及食品原料分开存放。

灭火剂 使用雾状水或砂土进行灭火。

职业标准 时间加权平均容许浓度（TWA）：0.5 毫克/立方米 (钡)