Beryllium is absorbed mainly through the lungs, where it enters the bloodstream and is transported throughout the body by binding to prealbumins and gamma-globulins. Beryllium accumulates in lung tissue and the skeleton. It is excreted mainly in the urine. (L25)
Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (L25, A37, A91)
There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds cause cancer of the lung. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A1; 已确认的人类致癌物。/铍及其化合物，如Be/
A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
铍和铍化合物根据人类研究的充分致癌性证据被认为是对人类有致癌作用的。
Beryllium and beryllium compounds are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. /Beryllium and compounds/
After iv injection of 12.5-250 umol/kg body wt particulate beryllium phosphate ... beryllium phosphate was removed from the blood predominantly by the non-parenchymal (sinusoidal) cells & later distributed partly to parenchymal cells & partly to the spleen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
静脉给药后，磷酸铍和硫酸铍在肝脏的非实质细胞和实质细胞中均有积累。
Beryllium phosphate and beryllium sulfate accumulated in both nonparenchymal and parenchymal cells of the liver after intravenous administration.
In this work, a chemical thermodynamic speciation code (MINTEQA2) has been used to model and understand the chemistry of beryllium in simulated human biological fluids such as intracellular, interstitial, and plasma fluids, a number of airway surface fluids for patients with lung conditions, saliva, sweat, urine, bile, gastric juice, and pancreatic fluid. The results show that predicted beryllium solubility and speciation vary markedly between each simulated biological fluid. Formation of beryllium hydroxide and/or phosphate was observed in most of the modeled fluids, and results support the postulation that beryllium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract may be limited by the formation of beryllium phosphate solids. It is also postulated that beryllium is potentially 13% less soluble in the airway surface fluid of a patient with asthma when compared to a "normal" case...
