ZINC permanganate | 23414-72-4

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: ZINC permanganate
• 英文别名: zinc;dipermanganate
• CAS: 23414-72-4
• 化学式: Mn2O8Zn
• 分子量: 303.3
• InChiKey: GDWLSAUXTXZYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  90-105 °C (decomp)
• 密度：
  2.450
• 溶解度：
  溶于H2O；与乙醇反应
• 物理描述：
  Zinc permanganate appears as a purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates burning of combustible material. Explosion hazard if the combustible material is finely divided. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Contact with sulfuric acid may result in fires or explosions.
• 颜色/状态：
  Purplish colored crystalline solid
• 稳定性/保质期：
  热至100℃时会失去五分子结晶水，暴露在日光或空气中可能会导致分解。
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /zinc oxide/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -3.1
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  149
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

代谢

锰主要通过摄入被吸收，但也可以通过吸入。它在血浆中与α-2-巨球蛋白、白蛋白或转铁蛋白结合，并分布到大脑和所有其他哺乳动物组织，尽管它倾向于在肝脏、胰腺和肾脏中积累更多。锰能够存在于多种氧化状态，并且据信在体内会发生氧化状态的变化。锰的氧化状态可以影响组织的毒代动力学行为，甚至可能影响毒性。锰主要通过粪便排出。锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠道进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌广泛分布并存在于所有组织和组织液中，集中在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中。在血液中，锌存在于红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，以及血浆中的白蛋白、α-2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出。(L49, L228)

Manganese is absorbed mainly via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese is capable of existing in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49, L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

锰是一种细胞毒素，可以损害运输系统、酶活性和受体功能。它主要针对中枢神经系统，特别是基底神经节中的苍白球。人们认为，锰离子Mn(II)增强了各种胞内儿茶酚胺的自动氧化或转换，导致自由基、活性氧种和其他细胞毒代谢产物的产生增加，同时耗尽细胞的抗氧化防御机制，导致氧化损伤和选择性破坏多巴胺能神经元。除了多巴胺，锰还被认为是干扰其他神经递质，如GABA和谷氨酸。为了产生氧化损伤，锰必须首先压倒抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶。Mn(II)的神经毒性还与其在生理条件下取代Ca(II)的能力有关。它可以通过钙单向转运体进入线粒体并抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化。它还可能抑制Ca(II)的外流，这可能导致线粒体膜完整性的丧失。Mn(II)已被证明能显著抑制线粒体顺乌头酸酶活性，改变氨基酸代谢和细胞铁稳态。锌过量吸收会通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合抑制铜和铁的吸收，导致贫血。铜和锌与Cu,Zn-超氧化物歧化酶的不平衡水平已被与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)联系在一起。胃酸溶解金属锌产生腐蚀性的氯化锌，可能对胃粘膜造成损害。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。(L48, L49, A49, L228)

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49, L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

锰主要影响神经系统，可能导致行为改变和其他神经系统效应，包括动作可能变得缓慢和笨拙。这种症状组合在足够严重时被称为“锰中毒”。

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L49）；吸入（L49）；皮肤给药（L49）

Oral (L49) ; inhalation (L49) ; dermal (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

锰主要影响神经系统，可能导致行为改变和其他神经系统效应，包括动作可能变得缓慢和笨拙。这种症状组合在足够严重时被称为“锰中毒”。

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  5.1
• 危险品运输编号：
  1515
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  5.1
• 安全说明：
  S22

制备方法与用途

水中溶解度(g/100ml)：每100毫升水中的溶解克数为33.3g/20℃。

生产方法： 以碳酸锌及硝酸锌与二氧化锰混合煅烧而得。

类别：氧化剂

毒性分级：中毒

爆炸物危险特性： 与还原剂、硫、磷等混合受热、撞击或摩擦可爆。

可燃性危险特性： 燃烧时产生有毒含锰化物烟雾。

储运特性： 库房需通风、低温和干燥；轻装轻卸；与有机物、还原剂、硫及易燃物分开存放。

灭火剂：使用雾状水、砂土、泡沫或二氧化碳。

职业标准：TWA 5 毫克/立方米 (锰)。