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Lithium aluminium hydride | 16853-85-3

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Lithium aluminium hydride
英文别名
aluminum;lithium;hydride
Lithium aluminium hydride化学式
CAS
16853-85-3
化学式
AlH4.Li
mdl
——
分子量
38.0
InChiKey
BJKLPLABXHXMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    125 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    0°C
  • 密度:
    0.97 g/mL at 20 °C
  • 闪点:
    99 °F
  • 溶解度:
    与H2O、乙醇反应;四氢呋喃
  • 暴露限值:
    TLV-TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 (ACGIH).
  • 物理描述:
    Lithium aluminum hydride appears as a white powder that turns gray on standing. If spread out over a large flat combustible surface, friction can cause ignition. Used to make other chemicals, as a polymerization catalyst, as a hydrogen source, and as a propellant.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Microcrystalline powder when pure; gray when aluminum impurity present. Monoclinic crystals.
  • 气味:
    None
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Stable in dry air at room temperature.
  • 分解:
    Decomposes above 125 °C, slowly loses hydrogen at 120 °C, decomposes in moist air.

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -2.93
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    4

ADMET

毒理性
  • 毒性总结
铝锂合金是一种灰白色的单斜晶型材料,可溶于乙醚、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜;在二丁醚中部分溶解,在二噁烷中不溶。这种化学品是生产其他氢化物的中间体。它用作60多种不同官能团的还原剂,特别是用于药品、香水和高档有机化学品;将酯、醛和酮转化为醇,将腈转化为胺;作为氢气的来源;推进剂;聚合物化反应中的催化剂。人类暴露和毒性:对眼睛和皮肤造成严重烧伤。如果吸入,可能会对身体造成伤害。这种化学物质对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸系统有刺激性。过度暴露的症状包括喉头和支气管痉挛、炎症和水肿,肺水肿,咳嗽,喘息,喉炎,恶心和呕吐。固体物质会烧伤皮肤和眼睛。铝的氢化物会与水分反应,留下氢氧化物。锂的氢化物在潮湿环境中会迅速转化为对皮肤有强烈刺激作用的氢氧化物,通过腐蚀和热作用。眼睛和呼吸道粘膜接触时可能会产生类似效果。动物研究:没有找到动物研究资料。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lithium aluminum hydride is a gray-white monoclinic crystalline material which is soluble in ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylcellosolve; partially soluble in dibutyl ether and insoluble in dioxane. This chemical is an intermediate in the production of other hydrides. It is used as a reducing agent for over 60 different functional groups, especially for pharmaceutical, perfume, and fine organic chemicals; converts esters, aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and nitriles to amines; source of hydrogen; propellant; catalyst in polymerizations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Causes severe eye and skin burns. It may be harmful if inhaled. This chemical is irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Symptoms of overexposure include spasms, inflammation and edema of larynx, and bronchi, pulmonary edema, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, nausea, and vomiting. Solid will burn skin and eyes. The hydrides of aluminum can react with moisture and leave behind hydroxide. The hydrides of lithium in the presence of moisture are readily converted to hydroxides which are highly irritating to the skin by caustic and thermal action. Similar effects can occur on contact with eyes and respiratory mucous membranes. ANIMAL STUDIES: No animal studies could be located.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 铝与锂的污染被认为是脑病的机制,因为接受锂盐治疗的的精神病患者表现出颤抖,无论是在治疗初期还是几年后。锂本身可能是一种神经毒素,因为观察发现,当志愿者在分心的情况下接受1225 +/- 300毫克/天的碳酸锂剂量治疗7天后,他们在回忆单词时比接受安慰剂时犯的错误更多。尽管锂和铝可能具有相似的作用,但还需要更多的研究来确定锂污染是否会导致职业性铝中毒。 /被锂污染的铝/
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contamination of aluminum with lithium was suggested as a mechanism for encephalopathy because psychotic patients treated with lithium salts exhibit tremors, early or after several years. Lithium may be a neurotoxin alone, as suggested by the observation that volunteers given lithium carbonate in doses of 1225 +/- 300 mg/day for 7 days when tested in the company of distractors made more errors recalling words than when they received a placebo. Although lithium and aluminum may act similarly, more studies are needed to determine whether lithium contamination contributes to occupational aluminum toxicity. /Lithium contaminated aluminum/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
迹象和症状:可导致严重的眼睛和皮肤烧伤。如果吸入,可能有害。对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸系统有刺激性。过度接触的症状包括痉挛、喉头和支气管发炎和水肿、肺水肿、咳嗽、气喘、喉炎、恶心和呕吐。
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Symptoms of overexposure include spasms, inflammation and edema of larynx, and bronchi, pulmonary edema, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, nausea, and vomiting.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
从工业角度来看,锂本身及其盐类并无危害,但氢化锂及其衍生物四氢铝锂和四氢硼锂具有腐蚀性和刺激性。
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ From an industrial point of view lithium itself and its salts present no hazard but lithium hydride and its derivatives lithium tetrahydroaluminate and lithium tetrahydroborate are corrosive and irritant.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    4.3
  • 危险品标志:
    C
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S24/25,S26,S27,S29,S33,S36/37/39,S43,S43B,S45,S6A,S7/8
  • 危险类别码:
    R34,R14/15,R11
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 海关编码:
    2850009090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3399 4.3/PG 1
  • 危险类别:
    4.3
  • RTECS号:
    BD0100000
  • 包装等级:
    I
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02,GHS05,GHS07,GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H225,H260,H302,H314,H335,H351
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210,P231 + P232,P280,P370 + P378,P402 + P404,P403 + P235

SDS

SDS:5c7e1973d5c5fc3fb1c3b961ebb7692b
查看

制备方法与用途

氢化铝锂 简介

氢化铝锂是有机化学中常用的还原试剂,能够还原多种官能团化合物。它还能作用于双键和三键化合物实现氢铝化反应,并作为碱参与反应。例如,将LiAlH4与2摩尔乙醇反应可生成氢化二乙氧基铝锂[LiAlH2(OC2H5)2];与3摩尔叔丁醇反应则生成三叔丁氧基铝锂LiAlH [OC (CH3)3]3。

氢化铝锂具有强大的氢转移能力,能够将醛、酮、酯、内酯、羧酸、酸酐和环氧化物还原为醇,或将酰胺、亚胺离子、腈和脂肪族硝基化合物转换为对应的胺。此外,其超强的还原性能可作用于其他官能团,如卤代烷烃还原为烷烃。卤代物活性依次为碘代物、溴代物和氯代物。

物化性质

氢化铝锂是一种金属复合氢化物(配离子型氢化物)。纯品氢化铝锂为微晶白色粉末,含金属铝杂质时为灰色粉末,属于单斜晶系。相对分子质量37.95,密度0.917,熔点大于120℃。在干燥空气中稳定,但在125℃下分解,生成氢化锂、铝和氢气,从120℃开始缓慢释放氢气。遇湿空气水解并燃烧。可溶解于乙醚、四氢呋喃等有机溶剂中。

应用

氢化铝锂用于医药、香料、农药、染料及其他精细有机合成中的还原剂。

制备

将241.43g六水氯化铝和42.43g无水三氯化铝溶解于乙醚中,加入LiAlH4,在一定条件下反应得到氢化铝锂。此外,还可通过碱金属氢化物与铝和氢在烃或醚中的相互作用制备。

化学性质

氢化铝锂又称“氢化锂铝”、“四氢铝锂”。化学式为LiAlH4,分子量37.95,白色结晶性粉末。相对密度0.917,熔点125℃(分解)。对湿气和含质子的溶剂极其敏感,迅速反应并放出氢气。遇水立即发生剧烈反应并放出氢气,需特别小心。

用途

用于测定羰基、还原剂以及制备氢化物、硅烷、硼烷等。作为聚合催化剂及喷气发动机燃料使用,广泛应用于医药、香料、农药、染料及其他精细有机合成中的还原剂。

生产方法

氢化铝锂可通过将氢化锂与无水三氯化铝在乙醚中作用或通过碱金属氢化物与铝和氢在烃或醚中相互作用而制得。

安全信息
  • 类别:遇水燃烧物品
  • 毒性分级:中毒
  • 爆炸物危险特性:与氧化剂混合可爆
  • 可燃性危险特性:高温、遇水、酸、氧化剂放出氢气可燃
  • 储运特性:库房通风低温干燥;与氧化剂、强酸分开存放
灭火方法

干粉、干砂或石粉。

职业标准

短期暴露平均浓度(TWA)为2毫克/立方米(AL)。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    Lithium aluminium hydride7-chloro-3-{1-[2-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-1-oxoethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-1H-indolemagnesium sulfate 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂, 反应 1.67h, 以to give 7-chloro-3-{1-[2-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1H-indole (12.4 g)的产率得到3-{1-[2-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl}-7-chloro-1H-indole
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Indole Derivatives useful for the treatment of CNS disorders
    摘要:
    本发明涉及式I的取代吲哚衍生物,其中R1是氢或可选取代的C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,C3-8环烷基或C3-8环烷基-C1-6烷基,或R1是可选取代的芳基,芳基-C1-6烷基,杂环芳基,杂环芳基-C1-6烷基或R1是—NR′R″,其中R′和R″分别选自氢和可选取代的C1-6烷基,芳基,芳基-C1-6烷基,杂环芳基和杂环芳基-C1-6烷基,或R1是饱和或部分饱和的5-至6-成员环,其中包含一个、两个或三个选自O或S的杂原子和一个N—R9基团,其中R9是氢或可选取代的C1-6烷基;R2是C1-6烷基,W,n,X,R3-R8如描述中所定义。本发明的化合物是有效的多巴胺D4配体。
    公开号:
    US06743809B2
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    [2-(2-acetyl-5-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl-indol-1-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 、 三氟乙酸sodium hydroxide乙酸乙酯Sodium sulfate-IIILithium aluminium hydride盐酸 、 silica gel 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 4.0h, 以The title compound was obtained as a light yellow resin in 78% yield的产率得到(RS)-8-Fluoro-1-methyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Piperazine derivatives
    摘要:
    哌嗪衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂和酯,可以用于制备药物来治疗或预防中枢神经系统疾病、中枢神经系统损伤、心血管疾病、胃肠疾病、尿崩症、2型糖尿病、肥胖症和睡眠呼吸暂停。
    公开号:
    US20020169163A1
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文献信息

  • Benzimidazole Derivatives As PI3 Kinase Inhibitors
    申请人:GlaxoSmithKline LLC
    公开号:US20140378456A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-12-25
    This invention relates to the use of benzimidazole derivatives for the modulation, notably the inhibition of the activity or function of the phosphoinositide 3′ OH kinase family (hereinafter PI3 kinases), suitably, PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ, and/or PI3Kγ. Suitably, the present invention relates to the use of benzimidazoles in the treatment of one or more disease states selected from: autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, allergy, asthma, pancreatitis, multiorgan failure, kidney diseases, platelet aggregation, cancer, sperm motility, transplantation rejection, graft rejection and lung injuries. More suitably, the present invention relates to PI3Kβ selective benzimidazoles compounds for treating cancer.
    本发明涉及苯并咪唑衍生物的使用,用于调节磷脂酰肌醇3′ OH激酶家族(以下简称PI3激酶)的活性或功能,特别是抑制其活性或功能,适当地,PI3Kα、PI3Kδ、PI3Kβ和/或PI3Kγ。适当地,本发明涉及苯并咪唑在治疗以下一种或多种疾病状态中的使用:自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、过敏、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾脏疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子运动能力、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺部损伤。更适当地,本发明涉及PI3Kβ选择性苯并咪唑化合物用于治疗癌症。
  • 4-phenyl-pyridine derivatives
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20020091265A1
    公开(公告)日:2002-07-11
    The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula 1 R is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or trifluoromethyl; R 1 is halogen or hydrogen; and when p is 1, R 1 in addition to the above substituents may be taken together with R 1 to form —CH═CH—CH═CH—, R 2 and R 2′ are independently hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy or cyano; and when n is 1, R 2 and R 2′ may in addition to the above substituents form —CH═CH—CH═CH—, unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R 3 and R 3′ are hydrogen, lower alkyl or taken together with the attached carbon atom form a cycloalkyl group; R 4 is hydrogen, —N(R 5 ) 2 , —N(R 5 )(CH 2 ) n OH, —N(R 5 )S(O) 2 -lower alkyl, N(R 5 )S(O) 2 -phenyl, —N═CH—N(R 5 ) 2 , —N(R 5 )C(O)R 5 ; 2 3 R 5 is hydrogen, C 3-6 -cycloalkyl, benzyl or lower alkyl; R 6 is hydroxy, lower alkyl; —(CH 2 ) n COO—(R 5 ), —N(R 5 )CO-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl;—(CH 2 ) q CN; —(CH 2 ) n O(CH 2 ) n OH, —CHO or a 5-or 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, and with one of the carbon atoms in said ring being unsubstituted or substituted with an oxo group, which heterocyclic ring is directly bonded or bonded via an alkylene group, to the remainder of the molecule; 4 is a cyclic tertiary amine which may contain one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur wherein any sulfur present in the ring is thio or can be oxidized to sulfoxide or sulfur dioxide, by which said cyclic tertiary amine is directly attached to the remainder of the molecule or is attached through the linker —(CH 2 ) n N(R 5 )—; X is —C(O)N(R 5 )—, —(CH 2 ) m O—, —(CH 2 ) m N(R 5 )—, —N(R 5 )C(O)—, or —N(R 5 )(CH 2 ) m —; n, p and q are 1 to 4; and m is 1 or2; and to pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof The compounds of this invention show a high affinity to the NK-1 receptor. They may be used for the treatment of diseases relating to NK1 antagonists.
    本发明涉及一般式的化合物1 其中,R为较低的烷基,较低的烷氧基,卤素或三氟甲基;R1为卤素或氢;当p为1时,除了上述取代基外,R1还可以与R1一起形成—CH═CH—CH═CH—;R2和R2'独立地为氢,卤素,三氟甲基,较低的烷氧基或氰基;当n为1时,除了上述取代基外,R2和R2'还可以形成—CH═CH—CH═CH—,未取代或被选自较低烷基或较低烷氧基的一到两个取代基取代;R3和R3'为氢,较低的烷基或与附加的碳原子一起形成环烷基;R4为氢,—N(R5)2,—N(R5)(CH2)nOH,—N(R5)S(O)2-较低烷基,N(R5)S(O)2-苯基,—N═CH—N(R5)2,—N(R5)C(O)R5;R5为氢,C3-6环烷基,苄基或较低的烷基;R6为羟基,较低的烷基;—(CH2)nCOO—(R5),—N(R5)CO-较低烷基,羟基-较低烷基;—(CH2)qCN;—(CH2)nO(CH2)nOH,—CHO或含有1至4个异原子的5或6元杂环,所述异原子选自氧,氮和硫,所述环中的一个碳原子未取代或被氧代基取代,该杂环通过烷基链直接键合或键合到分子的其余部分上;4为一个环状的三级胺,该胺可以包含一个额外的异原子,所述异原子选自氧,氮和硫,环中存在的任何硫为硫或可被氧化为亚硫酸盐或二氧化硫,该环状三级胺直接附着于分子的其余部分或通过连接剂—(CH2)nN(R5)—附着;X为—C(O)N(R5)—,—(CH2)mO—,—(CH2)mN(R5)—,—N(R5)C(O)—或—N(R5)(CH2)m—;n,p和q为1至4;m为1或2;以及其药学上可接受的酸盐。本发明的化合物表现出对NK-1受体的高亲和力。它们可用于治疗与NK1拮抗剂相关的疾病。
  • INDOLE AND INDAZOLE COMPOUNDS THAT ACTIVATE AMPK
    申请人:PFIZER INC.
    公开号:US20130267493A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-10-10
    The present invention relates to indole and indazole compounds of Formula (I) that activate 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for treating or preventing diseases, conditions, or disorders ameliorated by activation of AMPK.
    本发明涉及式(I)的吲哚和吲唑化合物,其激活5'-腺苷酸单磷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)。该发明还包括含有这些化合物的药物组合物以及通过激活AMPK来治疗或预防由其改善的疾病,病况或障碍的方法。
  • Novel cyclic amide derivatives
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20030212094A1
    公开(公告)日:2003-11-13
    Novel compounds represented by the following formula (I) that act as a ligand to sigma receptor/binding cite and a medicament comprising the same as an active ingredient: 1 wherein X represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or the like; Q represents a group represented by —CH 2 —, —CO—, —O—, —CH(OR 7 )— or the like wherein R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like; n represents an integer of from 0 to 5; R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like; B represents either of the following groups: 2 wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxyl group or the like; m represents 1 or 2; and the ring of: 3 represents an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
    以下式子(I)所代表的新化合物作为sigma受体/结合位点的配体和含有其作为活性成分的药物:1其中X代表烷基,芳基,杂环基或类似物;Q代表由—CH2—,—CO—,—O—,—CH(OR7)—或类似物所代表的基团,其中R7代表氢原子,烷基或类似物;n代表从0到5的整数;R1和R2各代表氢原子,烷基或类似物;B代表以下任一基团之一:2其中R3,R4,R5和R6各代表氢原子,卤素原子,烷氧基或类似物;m代表1或2;而:3的环代表芳香杂环环。
  • PYRROLO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINYL, PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRAZINYL AND PYR-ROLO[2,3-D]PYRIDINYL ACRYLAMIDES
    申请人:Pfizer Inc.
    公开号:US20150158864A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-06-11
    The present invention provides pharmaceutically active pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridinyl acrylamides and analogues thereof. Such compounds are useful for inhibiting Janus Kinase (JAK). This invention also is directed to compositions comprising methods for making such compounds, and methods for treating and preventing conditions mediated by JAK.
    本发明提供了具有药理活性的吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶基和吡咯[2,3-d]吡啶基丙烯酰胺及其类似物。这些化合物对于抑制Janus激酶(JAK)具有用处。本发明还涉及包含制备这些化合物的方法和治疗和预防由JAK介导的疾病的方法的组合物。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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