三汞二氧化物硫酸盐 | 1312-03-4

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 三汞二氧化物硫酸盐
• 英文名称: Mercury oxonium sulfate
• 英文别名: mercury(2+);oxygen(2-);sulfate
• CAS: 1312-03-4
• 化学式: HgSO4.2HgO
• 分子量: 729.84
• InChiKey: SZAAFGJXWYCFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 密度：
  6.44 g/cm3
• 溶解度：
  不溶于水；溶于酸溶液
• 物理描述：
  Mercuric subsulfate, [solid] appears as a lemon-yellow powder or bright yellow scaly material. Very slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Toxic by inhalation and by ingestion.
• 颜色/状态：
  Lemon-yellow powder
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 蒸汽密度：
  25.2 (Air= 1)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.58
• 重原子数：
  10
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  90.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

汞主要通过摄入和吸入被吸收，然后通过血液流布全身，其中一部分会与血红蛋白上的巯基团结合。汞可以经过氧化转化为汞离子，这一过程通过过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径进行。汞原子能够扩散进入过氧化氢酶酶裂中，到达含有血红素环的活性位点。由于过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径普遍存在，氧化过程很可能在所有组织中发生。氧化后，汞倾向于在肾脏中积累。汞主要通过呼出和粪便排出体外。(A6, L7)

Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Mercury can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase-hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. (A6, L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

汞离子与蛋白质的巯基或硫醇基团的高亲和力结合被认为是汞活性的主要机制。通过改变细胞内巯基状态，汞可以促进氧化应激、脂质过氧化、线粒体功能障碍和血红素代谢的变化。已知汞能与微囊体和线粒体酶结合，导致细胞损伤和死亡。例如，汞能抑制水通道蛋白，阻止细胞膜上的水流。它还抑制LCK蛋白，导致T细胞信号传导减少和免疫系统抑制。汞还被认为是通过作用于突触后神经细胞膜来抑制神经兴奋性。它还通过抑制蛋白激酶C和碱性磷酸酶来影响神经系统，这会损害大脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变血脑屏障。汞还能产生自身免疫反应，可能是通过修饰主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）II类分子、自身肽、T细胞受体或细胞表面粘附分子。

High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4：无法归类为人类致癌物。/汞，元素和无机形态，作为汞/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Mercury, elemental and inorganic forms, as Hg/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 无法归类其对人类致癌性的类别。(L135)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

水银主要影响神经系统。接触高水平的金属汞、无机汞或有机汞可能导致大脑、肾脏和发育中的胎儿永久性损害。对大脑功能的影响可能导致易怒、害羞、震颤、视力或听力改变以及记忆问题。儿童的水银中毒，即手足粉红病，特点是手和脚疼痛和粉红色变色。水银中毒还可能引起亨特-拉塞尔综合症和熊本病。

Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L7）；吸入（L7）；皮肤给药（L7）

Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7) ; dermal (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物质

毒性分级：高毒

可燃性危险特性：不可燃烧；火场会产生有毒的含汞、硫氧化物烟雾。

储运特性：库房应保持低温、通风和干燥，并与食品原料分开存放。

灭火剂：水、二氧化碳、干粉或泡沫。

职业标准：时间加权平均浓度（TWA）为0.05 毫克/立方米（汞）。