These chemicals are detoxified by cytochrome p450-mediated monooxygenases in the liver, but some metabolites are more toxic than parent cmpd ... Metabolites usually are detected from 12 to 48 hr postexposure. /Organophosphate cmpd/
A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning,particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
人类毒性摘录
有机磷化合物可能会产生皮肤刺激，但大多数是弱致敏剂。/有机磷酸盐化合物/
Organophosphorus cmpd can produce dermal irritation but most are weak sensitizers. /Organophosphate cmpd/
A woman at 34 to 35 weeks' gestation presented in acute respiratory distress with cyanosis and tachypnea and bilateral rhonchi and crepitation. Her heart rate was 78 beats per minute and her blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, with a fetal heart rate of 140 beats per minute. The mother was salivating markedly and her pupils were reduced to "pinpoint size." An uncorrected metabolic acidosis was diagnosed. Serum and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase determinations were near zero. Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning was felt to be the likely cause of disorders. Administration of atropine 2.4 mg intravenous bolus with infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/hr lead to unacceptable fetal tachycardia. The woman had shown increased cooperativeness and secretion control until the atropine had to be stopped. A cesarean section was performed for delivery of a hypotonic infant with a 1 min Apgar score of 3. The baby was mechanically ventilated for 2 days and required atropine therapy at 0.1 mg/kg/hr for 8 days. The mother required 8 days of mechanical ventilation and 11 days of atropine therapy. In this case, the infant appeared relatively less poisoned than the mother by a presumed organophosphate exposure. /Organophosphate poisoning/
The signs of poisoning due to organophosphorus cmpd are those due to accumulation of acetylcholine & hence overstimulation of parasympathetic nervous system. It is usual to divide them under 3 headings: muscarinic, nicotinic & central. Muscarinic signs ... consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating & nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea & frequency of urination ... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness & paralysis. Central nervous system effects include nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions & coma. Death is due to resp failure, or sometimes cardiac arrest. There is little difference between signs produced by different organophosphorus compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus cmpd/
The potential of isopropyl triphenyl phosphate to produce delayed neurotoxicity in hens was examined using several techniques. Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate contained O,O,O-triphenyl phosphate (24%), O-O-isopropylphenyl O,O-diphenyl phosphate (25%), O,O-diisopropyl-phenyl O-phenyl phosphate (20%), O-O, p-diisopropylphenyl O,O-diphenyl phosphate (18%) and O-p-isopropylphenyl O,O-diphenyl phosphate (6%). Hens treated twice, 3 wk apart, with doses of isopropyl triphenyl phosphate as high as 11.7 g/kg showed no clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity and only mild signs of general toxicity. Furthermore, none showed even subtle neurohistologic changes suggestive of delayed neurotoxicity. Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate produced dose-dependent inhibition of hen plasma cholinesterase and brain neurotoxic esterase. The study was continued because neurotoxic esterase inhibition has been shown to be a reliable predictor of organophosphates that produce delayed neurotoxicity. Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate was administered prior to tri-o-tolyl phosphate challenge in order to determine if it altered development of tri-o-tolyl phosphate delayed neurotoxicity. Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate neither enhanced nor reduced the onset or severity of neurotoxicity produced by tri-o-tolyl phosphate. The time-course for brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase inhibition by isopropyl triphenyl phosphate and tri-o-tolyl phosphate were compared and found to be different. The maximum brain neurotoxic esterase inhibition produced by isopropyl triphenyl phosphate (dose up to 11.7 g/kg) was never complete (always less than 90%), and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase inhibition was significantly less than that produced in the brain. In contrast, brain and spinal cord inhibition produced by 500 mg/kg tri-o-tolyl phosphate were equal and greater than 90%. This testing regimen showed that isopropyl triphenyl phosphate produced an effect on neurotoxic esterase at the biochemical level without producing clinical or neurohistologic abnormalities in treated hens. Furthermore, this biochemical effect was qualitatively different than that produced by the delayed neurotoxicant tri-o-tolyl phosphate. /Isopropyl triphenyl phosphate/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
大多数有机磷化合物能够通过皮肤、结膜、胃肠道和肺部被吸收。/有机磷化合物/
Most organophosphate compounds are ... absorbed from skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, & lung. /Organophosphate compounds/
Effects of triaryl phosphates on mouse and human nuclear receptors
摘要：
The constitutively active receptor (CAR) is a crucial regulator of genes encoding for enzymes active in drug/steroid oxidation, conjugation, and transport. In our attempt to isolate the endogenous inhibitory ligand(s) for the mouse CAR, we found surprisingly that the inhibitory activity was associated with di- and tri-isopropylated phenyl phosphates that were present in livers of untreated mice. Transactivation experiments in mammalian cells with synthetic compounds verified that mouse CAR was inhibited by various isopropylated phenyl phosphates (40-80%). Such triaryl phosphates are widely used as fire retardants, lubricants, and plasticizers, and some of them are known to disturb reproduction by currently unknown mechanisms. Equipped with the finding that these compounds could interact with mouse CAR, we proceeded to determine their functional effects on other nuclear receptors. Human CAR and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were variably activated (2-5-fold) by triaryl phosphates while mouse PXR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, and vitamin D receptor were refractory. Among steroid hormone receptors, the human androgen receptor was inhibited by triphenyl phosphate and di-ortho-isopropylated phenyl phosphate (40-50%) and activated by di- and tri-para-substituted phenyl phosphates (2-fold). Our results add to the list of CAR and PXR activators and suggest steroid-dependent biological pathways that may contribute to the reproductive effects of triaryl phosphates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Low Triphenylphosphate, High Phosphorous Content Isopropyl Phenyl Phosphates With High Ortho Alkylation
申请人：Layman William J.
公开号：US20120004438A1
公开（公告）日：2012-01-05
The present invention relates to low triphenyl phosphate, high phosphorous content aryl phosphates with high ortho alkylation that are suitable for use as flame retardant compositions, processes for their preparation, and their use as flame retardants.
Flame-retardant organic phosphates, their production, and compositions containing them
申请人：FMC Corporation
公开号：EP0005053A2
公开（公告）日：1979-10-31
This invention relates to flame-retardant polymeric alkyl aryl phosphates prepared by Friedel-Crafts condensation. The polymeric alkyl aryl phosphates may be made by Friedel-Crafts condensation of chloroalkyl aryl phosphates and alkenyl aryl phosphates derived therefrom. Alernatively, the polymeric alkyl aryl phosphates may be made by Friedel-Crafts condensation of phenols followed by phosphorylation of the Friedel-Crafts condensate. The flame-retardant polymeric alkyl aryl phosphates of the present invention are particularly suitable for use as an additive, having little or no plasticizing effect in flammable organic plastics.
Fluids based on phosphoric acid esters, or mixtures thereof, containing a corrosion and hydrolysis inhibitor, are useful fire resistant materials.
以磷酸酯或其混合物为基础、含有腐蚀和水解抑制剂的液体是有用的防火材料。
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyphosphaten, nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Polyphosphate und ihre Verwendung
申请人：BAYER AG
公开号：EP0103227A1
公开（公告）日：1984-03-21
Die Anmeldung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von verzweigten Polyphosphaten durch Umsetzung mindestens eines aromatischen Diols mit mindestens einem Phosphorsäuretriester in Gegenwart basischer Alkali- oder Erdalkaliverbindungen. Die Polyphosphate können zur Herstellung von Überzügen und Formkörpern sowie zur Abmischung mit anderen Polymeren verwendet werden.
Neue Polyphosphate, deren Herstellung und Verwendung
申请人：BAYER AG
公开号：EP0106082A1
公开（公告）日：1984-04-25
Die Anmeldung betrifft Polyphosphate, die 0,5 bis 100 Mol-% Phosphateinheiten der Formeln (I) und/oder (II)
sowie 95,5 bis 0 Mol-% weitere Phosphateinheiten enthalten. In den Formeln bedeutet M Wasserstoff, Alkalimetall (Li, Na, K), 1/2 Erdalkalimetall (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), Y oder-R-OH, wobei Y ein Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkylarylrest ist und -R- für einen gegebenenfalls substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest steht. Beschrieben wird ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Polyphosphate, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man 1,1,3,4,6-Pentamethyl-3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-indan-5-al und gegebenenfalls weiters aromatische Diole mit mindestens einem Phosphorsäuretriester mit Hilfe basischer Alkali- oder Erdalkalivefibindungen umsetzt. Die Polyphosphate können zur Herstellung von Überzügen und Formkörpem sowie als Zusätze zu anderen Polymeren verwendet werden.
