钚-238 | 13981-16-3

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均相金属化合物 - 均相锕系化合物
• 中文名称: 钚-238
• 英文名称: Plutonium-238
• CAS: 13981-16-3
• 化学式: Pu
• 分子量: 238.04956
• InChiKey: OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-VENIDDJXSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.0
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

钚-238可以通过摄入或吸入影响人体。当吸入时，钚-239倾向于在肺部积聚，尽管它也分布到肝脏和骨骼。摄入的钚可以在肝脏和骨骼中找到。钚的新陈代谢主要是由水解反应和与蛋白质和非蛋白质配体形成复合物，如白蛋白、球蛋白、铁蛋白、柠檬酸盐和乳酸盐。钚通过粪便和尿液排出。

Plutonium-238 can affect the body following ingestion or inhalation. When inhaled, Pu-239 tends to accumulate in the lungs, though it also distributes to the liver and skeleton. Ingested plutonium is found in the liver and bone. Plutonium metabolism consists primarily of hydrolytic reactions and formation of complexes with protein and nonprotein ligands, such as albumin, globulins, ferritin, citrate, and lactate. Plutonium is excreted in feces and urine. (L1841)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钚发射的阿尔法辐射不能穿透皮肤，但当钚被吸入或摄入时，它可以照射到内部器官。尤其是骨骼，它很可能会被骨表面吸收，以及肝脏，钚在那里聚集并浓缩。钚产生的电离辐射会导致细胞损伤，包括DNA断裂、准确或不准确的修复、凋亡、基因突变、染色体改变和遗传不稳定。这导致正常细胞和组织的稳态丧失，并发展成恶性肿瘤。不直接损伤DNA的电离辐射可以产生反应性氧中间体，这些中间体直接影响细胞周期调节中重要的酶p53的稳定性，并通过对DNA中单个碱基的氧化损伤以及在DNA复制期间配对错误产生点突变。(L1837, L1841)

The alpha radiation plutonium emits does not penetrate the skin but can irradiate internal organs when plutonium is inhaled or ingested. Particularly at risk are the skeleton, where it is likely to be absorbed by the bone surface, and the liver, where it collects and becomes concentrated. The ionizing radiation produced by plutonium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (L1837, L1841)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

钚的放射性可能会导致骨骼、肝脏和肺部的癌症，如果被摄入或吸入。大量的钚还可能引起急性辐射中毒。

Plutonium's radioactivity can cause cancers of the bone, liver, and lungs if ingested or inhaled. Large amounts may also cause acute radiation poisoning. (L1840, L1841)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L277）；吸入（L277）

Oral (L277) ; Inhalation (L277)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

暴露在高剂量的电离辐射下会导致急性辐射综合症，可能引起皮肤烧伤、脱发、恶心、呕吐、眩晕、定向障碍、低血压、头痛、疲劳、虚弱、发热、出生缺陷、疾病、感染甚至死亡。

Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (L1837, L1852)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  7
• 危险类别：
  7