Photoinduced Free Radical Chemistry of the Acyl Tellurides: Generation, Inter- and Intramolecular Trapping, and ESR Spectroscopic Identification of Acyl Radicals
摘要:
Acyl tellurides are prepared in good to excellent yield by the reaction of sodium aryl tellurides with acyl chlorides, or mixed anhydrides, and are found to be moderately air-stable substances. In contrast to previous literature reports, acyl tellurides of aryl and vinyl carboxylic acids are found to be excellent sources of acyl radicals on photolysis with a simple white light source. The acyl radicals so generated may be trapped intermolecularly by dichalcogenides, or by TEMPO in excellent yield. Trapping by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone produces a stable nitroxide radical which has been characterized by ESR spectroscopy. The very efficient trapping of acyl radicals by acyl tellurides themselves is demonstrated by a crossover experiment. Acyl tellurides are shown to participate in very efficient radical cyclization reactions onto alkenes with the formation of five-, six-, and eight-membered rings. The immediate products of the cyclizations onto alkenes are alpha-[(aryltelluro)methyl] ketones and the chemistry of these relatively unstable species is briefly described. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide affords alpha-methylene ketones in high yield. When elimination of the aryl telluro group is not possible the alpha-[(aryltelluro)methyl] ketones are stable species that may subsequently be employed in further radical chain reactions, for example with tributyltin hydride and methyl acrylate. Cyclization onto alkynes yields alpha-[(aryltelluro)methylene] ketones which are stable species and which take part in substitution reactions with higher order cuprates or with diphenyl diselenide.
(2-hydroxy)ethyl-thioureas useful as modulators of alpha2B adrenergic receptors
申请人:ALLERGAN SALES, INC.
公开号:US20020161051A1
公开(公告)日:2002-10-31
Compounds of formula (i) and of formula (ii)
1
wherein the symbols have the meaning disclosed in the specification, specifically or selectively modulate &agr;
2B
and/or &agr;
2C
adrenergic receptors in preference over &agr;
2A
adrenergic receptors, and as such are useful for alleviating chronic pain and allodynia and have no or only minimal cardivascular and/or sedatory activity.
(2-HYDROXY)ETHYL-THIOUREAS USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF ALPHA2B ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
申请人:Allergan, Inc.
公开号:EP1381593A2
公开(公告)日:2004-01-21
US6534542B2
申请人:——
公开号:US6534542B2
公开(公告)日:2003-03-18
[EN] (2-HYDROXY)ETHYL-THIOUREAS USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF ALPHA2B ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS<br/>[FR] (2-HYDROXY)ETHYLTHIOUREAS UTILES EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DES RECEPTEURS ADRENERGIQUES ALPHA2B
申请人:ALLERGAN INC
公开号:WO2002068384A2
公开(公告)日:2002-09-06
Compounds of formula (i) and of formula (ii), wherein the symbols have the meaning disclosed in the claims, specifically or selectively modulate α2A adrenergic receptors and as such are useful for alleviating chronic pain and allodynia and have no or only minimal cardiovascular and/or sedatory activity. The invention also relates to a method of activating α2B or α2C adrenergic receptors in a mammal by administering a compound that has α2Bor α2C adrenergic receptor activity and has no significant α2A agonist activity.
Photoinduced Free Radical Chemistry of the Acyl Tellurides: Generation, Inter- and Intramolecular Trapping, and ESR Spectroscopic Identification of Acyl Radicals
作者:David Crich、Chen Chen、Jae-Taeg Hwang、Hongwei Yuan、Aristotle Papadatos、Robert I. Walter
DOI:10.1021/ja00099a011
日期:1994.10
Acyl tellurides are prepared in good to excellent yield by the reaction of sodium aryl tellurides with acyl chlorides, or mixed anhydrides, and are found to be moderately air-stable substances. In contrast to previous literature reports, acyl tellurides of aryl and vinyl carboxylic acids are found to be excellent sources of acyl radicals on photolysis with a simple white light source. The acyl radicals so generated may be trapped intermolecularly by dichalcogenides, or by TEMPO in excellent yield. Trapping by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone produces a stable nitroxide radical which has been characterized by ESR spectroscopy. The very efficient trapping of acyl radicals by acyl tellurides themselves is demonstrated by a crossover experiment. Acyl tellurides are shown to participate in very efficient radical cyclization reactions onto alkenes with the formation of five-, six-, and eight-membered rings. The immediate products of the cyclizations onto alkenes are alpha-[(aryltelluro)methyl] ketones and the chemistry of these relatively unstable species is briefly described. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide affords alpha-methylene ketones in high yield. When elimination of the aryl telluro group is not possible the alpha-[(aryltelluro)methyl] ketones are stable species that may subsequently be employed in further radical chain reactions, for example with tributyltin hydride and methyl acrylate. Cyclization onto alkynes yields alpha-[(aryltelluro)methylene] ketones which are stable species and which take part in substitution reactions with higher order cuprates or with diphenyl diselenide.