Rod-like molecules (
1
) are admixed into a smectic C liquid crystal (
2
). According to the least-energy principle for electrostatic energy each rod-like molecule (
1
) has its permanent dipole moment aligned in a direction along a boundary layer between adjacent molecular layers of the liquid crystal and such permanent dipoles in adjacent boundary layers are aligned with their dipole moments opposed to each other in the direction of orientation. The character “<” bar regions of rod-like molecules (
1
) cause liquid crystal molecules inclined along their major axes to be axially inclined in an opposite direction every other layer whereby a smectic C
A
phase is formed in which the layer of liquid crystal molecules inclined in one direction and the layer of those inclined in the other direction alternate. Using a chiral smectic C
A
liquid crystal formed from chiral smectic C-phase liquid crystal molecules by substituting a terminal group of each such molecule with an optically active group gives rise to an antiferroelectric liquid crystal.
棒状分子 (
1
)被混入到胶状 C 液晶中 (
2
).根据静电能最小能量原理,每个棒状分子 (
1
) 的永久偶极矩沿液晶相邻分子层之间的边界层方向排列,相邻边界层中的永久偶极子在排列方向上偶极矩相对。字符"<"表示杆状分子区域(1
1
) 使沿其主轴倾斜的液晶分子在每隔一层都向相反的方向轴向倾斜,这样就形成了熔融的 C
A
相,其中朝一个方向倾斜的液晶分子层和朝另一个方向倾斜的液晶分子层交替出现。使用手性 Smectic C
A
相液晶分子的末端基团替换为光学活性基团,从而形成反
铁电液晶。