An emulsion polymerization process for the production of fluoroelastomers is disclosed wherein at least one fluorosurfactant is employed as dispersant, said fluorosurfactant being a fluoroalkylphosphoric acid ester of the formula X—Rf—(CH
2
)
n
—O—P(O)(OM)
2
, wherein n=1 or 2, X=H or F, M=a univalent cation, and Rf is a C
4
-C
6
fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy group. Optionally, a second dispersing agent may be employed in the polymerization, said second agent being a perfluoropolyether having at least one endgroup selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, phosphoric acid and a salt thereof.