Different morphologies of a material often show different performance. Four different morphologies of Bi5O7NO3 including microflowers, nanowires, nanoribbons and nanosheets have been controllably synthesized by simply increasing concentration of precursor bismuth nitrate in a hydrothermal method without adding any surfactant or template. Those morphologies have revealed a dramatic difference in rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic activity. The nanosheets showed much better photocatalytic activity than the nanowires and the nanoribbons while the microflowers showed very poor activity. In our control experiments where we partially substituted Bi(NO3)3 for Zn(Ac)2, Zn(NO3)2, and KNO3 respectively, we have found that the formed morphologies were very closely related to nitrate anions. This explicitly proves that the nitrate anion plays a crucial role in determining the morphologies. Guided by atomic model, nitrate anion-mediated oriented attachment mechanism is proposed on the basis of our experimental results. Our finding that nitrate anions favoured the formation of nanosheets would benefit the synthesis of nanosheets at a lower cost. Our study provides a simple and economic way for preparing good candidates for potential applications in solar energy conversion.
材料的不同形态往往会显示出不同的性能。在不添加任何表面活性剂或模板的情况下,只需通过
水热法增加前驱体
硝酸铋的浓度,就能可控地合成四种不同形态的 Bi5O7 ,包括微花、纳米线、纳米带和纳米片。这些形态显示了
罗丹明 B(RhB)光催化活性的巨大差异。纳米片的光催化活性远远优于纳米线和纳米带,而微花的光催化活性则非常差。在我们分别用 Zn(Ac)2、Zn(
NO3)2 和 K 部分替代 Bi( )3 的对照实验中,我们发现所形成的形态与
硝酸根阴离子的关系非常密切。这明确证明了
硝酸根阴离子在决定形态方面起着至关重要的作用。在原子模型的指导下,我们根据实验结果提出了
硝酸根阴离子介导的定向附着机制。我们发现
硝酸根阴离子有利于纳米片的形成,这将有利于以较低的成本合成纳米片。我们的研究为制备潜在应用于太阳能转换的优质候选材料提供了一种简单而经济的方法。