barium(2+);dibromate

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: barium(2+);dibromate
• 化学式: BaBr2O6
• 分子量: 393.13
• InChiKey: VEASZGAADGZARC-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -7.51
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  114
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

硫酸钡化合物通过摄入和吸入被吸收，其程度取决于个别化合物。在人体内，大部分的钡存在于骨骼中，而少量存在于肌肉、脂肪、皮肤和结缔组织中。钡在体内不被代谢，但可能会被运输或结合到复合物或组织中。钡通过尿液和粪便排出。溴主要通过吸入被吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的反应性，它很快形成溴化物，并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。(L626, L214)

Barium compounds are absorbed via ingestion and inhalation, the extent of which depends on the individual compound. In the body, the majority of the barium is found in the bone, while small amounts exists in the muscle, adipose, skin, and connective tissue. Barium is not metabolized in the body, but it may be transported or incorporated into complexes or tissues. Barium is excreted in the urine and faeces. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钡是一种竞争性的钾通道拮抗剂，它可以阻止细胞内钾离子的被动外流，导致钾离子从细胞外向细胞内转移。细胞内钾离子的转移导致静息膜电位的降低，使得肌肉纤维在电学上不可兴奋，从而引起瘫痪。钡的这些作用可能部分是由于钡引起的神经肌肉阻滞和膜去极化。溴是一种强氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧气自由基。这些自由基也是强大的氧化剂，能够产生组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成会导致二次刺激。溴离子还被知道会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是因为溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代了氯离子，从而影响了许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543, L214）

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

不同钡化合物的健康影响取决于化合物在水中或胃内容物中的溶解程度。低剂量时，钡作为一种肌肉刺激剂，而较高剂量则影响神经系统，导致心脏不规律、震颤、虚弱、焦虑、呼吸困难、麻痹甚至可能死亡。钡还可能引起胃肠功能紊乱，损害肾脏并导致体重下降。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和直接损害粘膜。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中睡意到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理性反射、阵挛性发作、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、瘫痪、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病。溴酸盐也是一种潜在的致癌物。(L214, L638, L625, L626, L627)

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. Bromate is also a potential carcinogen. (L214, L638, L625, L626, L627)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L626）；吸入（L626）；皮肤给药（L626）

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

摄入过量的钡可能会引起呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、呼吸困难、血压升高或降低、面部周围麻木和肌肉无力。高剂量可能会导致心律变化或麻痹，甚至可能死亡。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损伤。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自咽部和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，会导致共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆力和注意力减退、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。

Ingesting excess barium may cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, increased or decreased blood pressure, numbness around the face, and muscle weakness. High levels may result in changes in heart rhythm or paralysis and possibly death. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, L214)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)