The effects of trehalose glycolipid presentation on cytokine production by GM-CSF macrophages
作者:Bridget L. Stocker、Kristel Kodar、Kanu Wahi、Amy J. Foster、Jacquie L. Harper、Daiki Mori、Sho Yamasaki、Mattie S. M. Timmer
DOI:10.1007/s10719-018-09857-9
日期:2019.2
Trehalose glycolipids (TGLs) are promising vaccine adjuvants, however effects of glycolipid presentation in the in vitro evaluation, and ultimate selection, of lead vaccine adjuvants are often overlooked. To this end, we synthesised a variety of TGLs and determined how the physicochemical presentation of these lipids influenced the cytokine response by bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs). The TGLs were presented to wild-type and Mincle−/− BMMs as micellar solutions, coated on plates, coated on beads or surfactant solubilised. Medium to long-chain TGLs, either coated on plates or surfactant solubilised, resulted in the highest BMM activation. Stimulation of BMMs with TGLs coated on beads led to a decreased cytokine response, as compared to TGLs alone. All the TGL responses were Mincle dependent, however the mode of presentation did not have the same effect for each individual TGL. This was most apparent for the C22 trehalose monoester, which showed reduced activity compared to its diester counterpart when presented on a plate, but similar activity to the diester when presented as micelles or on beads. Taken together, our findings support the use of several in vitro assays for selecting lead vaccine adjuvants, particularly if structural differences between the adjuvants are pronounced.
海藻糖甘油脂(TGLs)是有前途的疫苗佐剂,但在体外评估和最终选择主要疫苗佐剂时,甘油脂的呈现效果常常被忽视。为此,我们合成了多种TGL,并确定这些脂质的物理化学呈现如何影响骨髓来源的巨噬细胞(BMMs)的细胞因子反应。TGL以胶束溶液、涂层在培养板、涂层在微珠或表面活性剂溶解的形式呈现给野生型和Mincle−/− BMMs。中链至长链的TGL,无论是涂层在培养板上还是表面活性剂溶解,都导致了最高的BMM激活。用涂层微珠的TGL刺激BMM时,与单独使用TGL相比,细胞因子反应下降。所有TGL的反应都是依赖于Mincle的,然而呈现方式对每种TGL的影响并不相同。这在C22海藻糖单酯中表现得尤为明显,当其涂层在培养板上时活性低于其二酯,但在以胶束或微珠形式呈现时活性则与二酯相似。综合来看,我们的研究结果支持使用多种体外实验来选择主要疫苗佐剂,特别是在佐剂之间的结构差异明显时。