摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

chromium (VI) oxide | 12018-01-8

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
chromium (VI) oxide
英文别名
chromium(IV) oxide;chromium dioxide;Magtrieve(TM);chromium;dihydrate
chromium (VI) oxide化学式
CAS
12018-01-8
化学式
CrO2
mdl
——
分子量
83.9948
InChiKey
DJCIVHDYINPEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    >375 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    decomposes to Cr2O3℃ [KIR78]
  • 密度:
    4.85 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 溶解度:
    不溶于水;溶于酸溶液
  • 物理描述:
    BROWN-BLACK POWDER.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Black, ferromagnetic crystals; rutile structure
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  • 分解:
    Various temperatures (250-500 °C) reported for decomposition to chromic oxide.

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -1.65
  • 重原子数:
    3
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    2
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

毒理性
  • 暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 吸入症状
咳嗽。
Cough.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 皮肤症状
Redness.
Redness.
来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:二氧化铬是一种棕黑色的四方粉末。它用于磁带录音;作为催化剂。用作免疫分析中固体支持的磁性颗粒。 人类暴露和毒性:在雅库特地区的锑矿提取矿井进行的临床卫生研究显示,工人暴露于含有二氧化铬、锑、砷及其化合物的多金属粉尘的高浓度中。百分之十一的工人表现出尘肺病、血液变化和免疫反应指标。一名患有进行性系统性硬化病和高水平血清IgE的患者在非硬化皮肤区域出现了多个丘疹。丘疹的组织学检查显示硬皮病的典型特征。几年来,该患者一直使用主要由铝、二氧化铬和二氧化硅组成的磨料抛光手表。动物研究:大鼠通过吸入二氧化铬(CrO2)粉尘在设计浓度为0、0.5(稳定和不稳定,分别为)或25毫克/立方米(稳定)的条件下,每天6小时,每周5天,持续2年。在所有暴露的大鼠中,除了肺部病变外,没有观察到与粉尘暴露相关的病理变化。在0.5毫克/立方米的暴露水平下,未稳定和稳定的CrO2在肺部反应上没有显著差异。肺部显示微小的粉尘沉积在靠近肺泡导管的肺泡中,但保持了完整的一般结构。肺部反应满足有害粉尘的生物标准。在25毫克/立方米时,粉尘沉积在肺泡导管的肺泡区域急剧受限。包围着含尘巨噬细胞(尘细胞)聚集体的肺泡壁增厚,伴有增生型II型肺泡细胞和轻微的胶原化纤维化。靠近终末细支气管的肺泡内衬有支气管上皮(肺泡支气管化)。此外,肺部显示泡沫状巨噬细胞反应、胆固醇肉芽肿、肺泡蛋白沉积症和轻微纤维性胸膜炎。这些肺部病变主要发生在雌性大鼠身上。在108只雌性大鼠中,有六只发展为角蛋白囊肿,两只患有囊性角化鳞状细胞癌(CKSCC)。在106只雄性大鼠中,没有一只发生角蛋白囊肿或CKSCC。肺部肿瘤发生在肺泡支气管化区域的肺泡导管中的化生鳞状细胞。肺部肿瘤分化良好,没有真正恶性肿瘤的特征。CKSCC是一种实验性诱导的独特肿瘤类型,与人类或动物中自发性肺肿瘤的类型不同。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chromium dioxide is a brown-black tetragonal powder. It is used in magnetic recording tapes; as catalyst. Magnetic particles used as solid support in immunoassay. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The clinical and hygienic studies performed at the antimonite ore extraction mines in Yakutia revealed that the workers were exposed to high concentrations of polymetallic dusts, containing chromium dioxide, antimony, arsenic and their compounds. Eleven percent of the workers exhibited dust bronchitis, changes in the blood, and immune reactivity indices. A patient with progressive systemic sclerosis and high levels of serum IgE developed multiple papules at/on an area of non-sclerotic skin. Histologic examination of the papule revealed the typical features of scleroderma. For several years, the patient had been working on polishing watches with an abrasive agent composed mainly of aluminum, chromium dioxide, and silica. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats were exposed by inhalation to chromium dioxide (CrO2) dust at design concentrations of 0, 0.5 (stabilized and unstabilized, respectively) or 25 mg per cu m (stabilized) for 6 hr day-1, 5 days week-1 for 2 years. No dust-exposure-related pathological changes were observed, other than lung lesions, in all exposed rats. There were no significant differences in pulmonary response between unstabilized and stabilized CrO2 at the 0.5 mg per cu m exposure level. The lungs showed minute dust deposition in the alveoli adjacent to the alveolar ducts, but maintained an intact general architecture. The pulmonary responses satisfied the biological criteria for a nuisance dust. At 25 mg per cu m, dust deposition was sharply confined to the alveoli in the alveolar duct region. Alveolar walls enclosing dust-laden macrophage (dust cell) aggregates were thickened with hyperplastic Type II pneumocytes and slightly collagenized fibrosis. Alveoli adjacent to the terminal bronchioles were lined with bronchiolar epithelium (alveolar bronchiolarization). In addition, lungs showed foamy macrophage response, cholesterol granulomas, alveolar proteinosis, and minute fibrotic pleurisy. These pulmonary lesions occurred predominantly in female rats. Of 108 female rats, six developed keratin cysts and two had cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (CKSCC). None of 106 male rats had either a keratin cyst or a CKSCC. The lung tumors developed from metaplastic squamous cells in the areas of alveolar bronchiolarization in the alveolar duct region. The lung tumors were well differentiated and devoid of characteristics of true malignancy. The CKSCC is an experimentally-induced, unique tumor type and is different from the type of spontaneous lung tumor seen in man or animals.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸,请开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩,按训练操作。如有必要,执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐,让患者前倾或置于左侧(如果可能的话,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /无机酸及相关化合物/
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36
  • 危险类别码:
    R36
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 危险标志:
    GHS07
  • 危险性描述:
    H319
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P305 + P351 + P338

制备方法与用途

二氧化铬简介

二氧化铬是一种无机化合物,化学式为CrO₂,是黑色且具有磁性的固体。它曾广泛应用于磁带制作所需的乳浊液中,但随着CD和DVD的普及,其使用量有所下降。然而,它仍然被用于企业级别的存储系统中的数据磁带。氧化物生产厂家和磁带制造商认为二氧化铬是曾经发明的最好的磁记录颗粒之一。

结构

CrO₂与许多金属的二氧化物一样,采用金红石结构。每个Cr(IV)中心具有八面体配位方式,每个氧的几何构型为平面三角形。

毒性

参见铬酸酐。

化学性质

二氧化铬是一种棕黑色磁性粉末,熔点为300℃,相对密度为4.89。它不溶于水但能溶于硝酸,在空气中呈亚稳态。在250~500℃时会分解成三氧化二铬和氧。

用途

二氧化铬主要用于录音磁带、留声机唱片、记忆装置及永久磁铁的生产,还用作催化剂。

生产方法

制备二氧化铬的方法如下:将5.68 kg铬酸酐与2.25 L水搅拌10分钟,然后加入11.94 g三氧化二锑、23.88 g γ-Fe₂O₃和2.88 kg三氧化铬,再搅拌20分钟后,将其置于高压釜中,在270℃和45×10³ kPa的压力下反应15小时,即可制得二氧化铬成品。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    chromium (VI) oxide盐酸 作用下, 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂, 生成 三氯化铬
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Hintz, E., Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1873, vol. 169, p. 367 - 372
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    三氯化铬 在 Chlorkalk 作用下, 以 not given 为溶剂, 以0%的产率得到chromium (VI) oxide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Hintz, E., Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1873, vol. 169, p. 367 - 372
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLUORINE-CONTAINING OLEFIN
    摘要:
    本发明提供了一种生产含氟烯烃的方法,所述方法包括在含有铬原子的氟化催化剂存在下,将由特定公式表示的含氯化合物与无水氟化氢反应,在200至350°C的温度范围内,在每摩尔含氯化合物中存在0.0001至0.03摩尔的分子氯的情况下进行反应。本发明能够实现抑制催化剂恶化、保持起始物质转化率和目标产品选择性在优秀范围内,并减少使用大量非冷凝气体所引起的不良影响。
    公开号:
    US20160052841A1
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • [EN] PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION DE 2,3,3,3-TÉTRAFLUOROPROPÈNE
    申请人:DAIKIN IND LTD
    公开号:WO2010021406A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-02-25
    The present invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene including the step of dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, wherein 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane are supplied together with 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane to a reactor containing a catalyst to simultaneously perform dehydrofluorination reaction and isomerization reaction. According to the process of the present invention, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) can be efficiently produced by effectively using the by-products of the dehydrofluorination reaction.
    本发明提供了一种生产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的方法,包括脱氟氢化1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷的步骤,其中1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯和1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烷与1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷一起供给到含有催化剂的反应器中,同时进行脱氟氢化反应和异构化反应。根据本发明的方法,通过有效利用脱氟氢化反应的副产物,可以高效生产2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)。
  • METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT OXIDATION REACTIONS USING INDUCTIVELY HEATED HEATING MEDIUM
    申请人:FRIESE Carsten
    公开号:US20110301363A1
    公开(公告)日:2011-12-08
    The invention relates to a method for carrying out an oxidation reaction for producing a product by heating a reaction medium containing a reactant and oxygen or an oxygen carrier in a reactor, wherein the reaction medium is brought into contact with a solid heating medium which may be heated by electromagnetic induction, which is surrounded by the reaction medium. The heating medium is heated by electromagnetic induction using an inductor, wherein an oxidation reaction is carried out on the first reactant to give a product and the product is separated from the heating medium. The inductor preferably generates an alternating field with a frequency in the range 1 to 100 kHz, preferably in the range 10 to 80 kHz and in particular up to 50 kHz.
    该发明涉及一种通过加热反应介质中含有反应物和氧气或氧载体的氧化反应来生产产品的方法,其中将反应介质与固体加热介质接触,该固体加热介质可以通过电磁感应加热,并被反应介质包围。通过使用感应器对加热介质进行电磁感应加热,从而对第一反应物进行氧化反应以得到产品,并将产品与加热介质分离。感应器最好产生频率在1至100千赫茨范围内的交变场,最好在10至80千赫茨范围内,特别是高达50千赫茨。
  • Vaporization of LaCrO<sub>3</sub> : Partial and Integral Thermodynamic Properties
    作者:Dong-Huyn Peck、Miroslaw Miller、Dietmar Kobertz、Hubertus Nickel、Klaus Hilpert
    DOI:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08104.x
    日期:1996.12
    The vaporization of LaCrOsub 3}(s) and samples of the composition LaCrOsub 3} + Lasub 2}Osub 3} was investigated in the temperature range of 1,887--2,333 K by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry using Knudsen cells made of tungsten lined completely with iridium. The species Cr(g), CrO(g), CrOsub 2}(g), and LaO(g) were identified in the vapor. Their partial pressures were determined by calibration
    在 1,887--2,333 K 的温度范围内,使用 Knudsen 渗出质谱法研究了 LaCrOsub 3}(s) 和成分 LaCrOsub 3} + Lasub 2}Osub 3} 的样品的汽化由钨制成的 Knudsen 电池完全衬有铱。在蒸气中鉴定了 Cr(g)、CrO(g)、CrOsub 2}(g) 和 LaO(g) 种类。它们的分压是通过用纯铂固体校准来确定的。Crsub 2}Osub 3},asub Crsub 2}Osub 3}},在LaCrOsub 3}中对于Crsub 2}Osub 3}-poor的热力学活性对于测量的温度范围,该相的相边界为 ln asub Crsub 2}Osub 3}} = minus}(17953/T) minus} 0.485(以 K 给出的温度 T) +-}13% 的可能总体误差。Delta}Gsub f
  • Studies on some salicylaldehyde Schiff base derivatives and their complexes with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II)
    作者:S.A. Abdel-Latif、H.B. Hassib、Y.M. Issa
    DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.013
    日期:2007.7
    synthesized and studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal dehydration and decomposition of these complexes were studied kinetically using the integral method applying the Coats-Redfern equation. It was found that the thermal decomposition of the complexes follow second order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters of the decomposition are also reported. The electronic absorption spectra of the
    水杨醛与苯胺(I),2-的缩合反应导致某些含席夫碱的过渡金属离子Cr(III),Mn(II),Fe(III),Ni(II)和Cu(II)二元配合物的形成常数在乙醇培养基(80%,v / v)中以pH值测定氨基吡啶(II),4-氨基吡啶(III)和2-氨基嘧啶(IV)。确定所有二元配合物的形成常数。研究了对应于四个配体中的活性基团和固体配合物的重要的红外光谱带。固体配合物已经通过热重分析合成和研究。使用Coats-Redfern方程,采用积分法对这些配合物的热脱水和分解进行了动力学研究。发现配合物的热分解遵循二级动力学。还报道了分解的热力学参数。进行研究的配体的电子吸收光谱,以分光光度法确定pK(a)值。
  • Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal studies, catalytic epoxidation and biological activity of chromium and molybdenum hexacarbonyl bound to a novel N2O2 Schiff base
    作者:Ayman A. Abdel Aziz
    DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.06.004
    日期:2010.8
    behaviors of the complexes were also studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity of the novel complexes in the epoxidation of cyclooctene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and 1-hexene with tert -butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP) in methylene chloride was investigated. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and their complexes have been screened against various strains of bacteria and
    摘要 M(CO) 6 (M = Cr and Mo)与新型席夫碱N,N'-双(水杨烯)4,5-二氯-1,2-苯二胺(H 2 L)在苯中分两步制备。不同的条件:(i) 在减压下产生二羰基前体 [Cr(CO) 2 (H 2 L)] 和 [Mo(CO) 2 (L)] 和 (ii) 在空气中产生氧配合物 [Cr(O) )(L)] 和二氧化合物 [Mo(O) 2 (L)]。通过元素分析、IR、 1 H NMR、质谱和磁测量表征了配合物。还通过使用热重分析 (TGA) 研究了配合物的热行为。研究了新型配合物在环辛烯、环己烯、1-辛烯和 1-己烯与叔丁基过氧化氢 (TBHP) 在二氯甲烷中的环氧化反应中的催化活性。
查看更多