保米磷 | 122-10-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 有机磷酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 保米磷
• 中文别名: O，O-二甲基-O-1，3-(二甲氧甲酰基)丙烯-2-基磷酸酯
• 英文名称: Dimethyl-1,3-di(carbomethoxy)-1-propen-2-yl-phosphate
• 英文别名: Bomyl；dimethyl 3-dimethoxyphosphoryloxypent-2-enedioate
• CAS: 122-10-1
• 化学式: C₉H₁₅O₈P
• 分子量: 282.187
• InChiKey: BZSSHIWHSJYWAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.6
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  9
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.56
• 拓扑面积：
  97.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

代谢

在鼠肝酶和谷胱甘肽的存在下，顺式或反式苯基甲基被水解，产生二甲磷酸盐。

IN PRESENCE OF MOUSE LIVER ENZYMES & GLUTATHIONE, CIS- OR TRANS-BOMYL WAS HYDROLYZED WITH PRODUCTION OF DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

其他毒物 - 有机磷

Other Poison - Organophosphate

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

1. 确保呼吸道通畅，如有必要，通过抽吸分泌物来清理。如果呼吸抑制，通过机械辅助通气给予氧气。在给予阿托品之前尽可能提高组织氧合，以最小化心室颤动的风险。在严重中毒的情况下，可能需要机械辅助通气数天。2. 给予硫酸阿托品静脉注射，如果静脉注射不可能，则肌内注射。在中度到重度中毒的情况下：成人剂量和12岁以上儿童：每隔15分钟重复给予0.4-2.0毫克，直到达到阿托品化。用0.02-0.05毫克/千克体重的重复剂量维持阿托品化。/有机磷农药/

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

2. 严重中毒的人可能对阿托品表现出显著的耐受性；可能需要两倍或更多倍于上述建议的剂量。可以根据需要增加阿托品的剂量并缩短给药间隔以控制症状。当阿托品需求量很大时，可能需要持续静脉输注阿托品。逆转毒蕈碱样症状和体征，而不是任意剂量限制，是期望的终点。应尽可能使用不含防腐剂的阿托品产品。注意：未中毒或仅轻微有机磷中毒的人可能会因大剂量阿托品出现阿托品中毒的迹象。发热、肌肉颤动和谵妄是阿托品中毒的主要迹象。如果患者在完全阿托品化时出现这些症状，应暂时停止阿托品给药，同时重新评估中毒的严重程度。/有机磷杀虫剂/

2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

3. 在给予解磷定之前，抽取（肝素化）血液样本用于胆碱酯酶分析，因为解磷定往往会逆转胆碱酯酶的抑制。4. 在严重中毒的情况下给予解磷定（普罗帕明，2-PAM）……其中呼吸抑制、肌肉无力和抽搐非常严重。成人剂量（以及12岁以上的儿童）：静脉注射1.0-2.0克，每分钟不超过0.2克。儿童剂量（12岁以下）：根据严重程度给予20-50毫克/千克静脉注射，每分钟注射的总量不超过一半。剂量……如果需要，可以在1-2小时后重复给药，然后每隔10-12小时给药。在非常严重的中毒情况下，剂量……可以加倍。/有机磷农药/

3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE (HEPARINIZED) FOR CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF PRALIDOXIME, WHICH TENDS TO REVERSE THE CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION. 4. ADMIN PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING...IN WHICH RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0-2.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.2 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE (UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-50 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE...MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR, THEN @ 10-12 HR INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE...MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

4. 准备好机械辅助呼吸，如果呼吸抑制...下降...。5. 对于因皮肤、衣物、头发和/或眼睛接触有机磷污染而中毒的患者，必须在进行复苏和解毒措施的同时进行去污处理，以保护生命。... 6. 如果...摄入的量足以引起中毒，必须清空胃和肠道。A. 通过插管、抽吸和灌洗清空胃，使用等渗盐水中的活性炭悬浮液。必须采取严格措施保护呼吸道免受反流的物质吸入。如果受害者昏迷或反应迟钝，在胃插管前插入带套囊的气管内导管。在胃插管和灌洗过程中，保持受害者头部低于胃部水平...。保持受害者头部向左转。/有机磷杀虫剂/

4. BE PREPD TO ASSIST PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY IF RESP ... DEPRESSED ... . 5. IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE BEEN POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATE CONTAMINATION OF SKIN, CLOTHING, HAIR, AND/OR EYES, DECONTAMINATION MUST PROCEED CONCURRENTLY WITH WHATEVER RESUSCITATIVE AND ANTIDOTAL MEASURES ARE NECESSARY TO PRESERVE LIFE. ... 6. IF ... INGESTED IN QUANTITY PROBABLY SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE POISONING, THE STOMACH AND INTESTINE MUST BE EMPTIED. A. EMPTY THE STOMACH BY INTUBATION, ASPIRATION, AND LAVAGE, USING SLURRY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IN ISOTONIC SALINE. RIGOROUS PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN TO PROTECT THE AIRWAY FROM ASPIRATION OF REGURGITATED. IF VICTIM IS UNCONSCIOUS OR OBTUNDED, INSERT A CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE PRIOR TO GASTRIC INTUBATION. KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD BELOW LEVEL OF STOMACH DURING GASTRIC INTUBATION AND LAVAGE ... . KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD TURNED TO THE LEFT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

迅速通过皮肤吸收。

Rapidly absorbed through skin.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 储存条件：
  通风、低温、干燥保存；与食品原料分开储运。