The reactivity of anionic metal–carbonyl systems toward hydrocarbons, alcohols, and a variety of other classes of molecules is well established in the literature. In this study we explored the reactions of atomic metal anions M−, notably K−, Cs−, Co−, Fe−, Cu−, and Ag−, with alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. All of the metal anions deprotonated the alcohols and alkynes. Also observed were the subsequent reactions of the resulting organic anions. Fe− and Cu− consistently displayed mono- and bis-dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols, and alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to form MH− and MH2−. Mechanisms for the dehydrogenation reactions are proposed and substantiated with isotopically-labelled reagents and thermochemical arguments.