硒化镉量子点（CdSe核） | 331269-19-3

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 硫族化合物
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 各种混合金属/非金属
• 中文名称: 硒化镉量子点（CdSe核）
• 中文别名: 硒化镉
• 英文名称: Cadmium;selenium
• CAS: 331269-19-3；157453-13-9；1306-24-7
• 化学式: CdSe
• 分子量: 191.38
• InChiKey: AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  >1350°C
• 密度：
  5.81 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 溶解度：
  不溶于水
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.01 mg/m3; TWA 0.002 mg/m3; TWA 0.2 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 9 mg/m3; IDLH 1 mg/m3; TWA 0.2 mg/m3

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.38
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

镉可以通过口腔、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收。镉最初与金属硫蛋白和清蛋白结合，并主要输送到肾脏和肝脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经表明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。镉不会经历任何直接的代谢转化，并以原样主要在尿液中排出。硒可以通过吸入和摄入被吸收，一些硒化合物也可以通过皮肤吸收。一旦进入体内，硒主要分布到肝脏和肾脏。硒是一种必需的微量元素，是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碘甲状腺原氨酸5'-脱碘酶和硫氧还蛋白还原酶的组成部分。有机硒首先代谢为无机硒。无机硒逐步还原为中间氢硒化物，然后转化为硒磷酸和硒半胱氨酸tRNA并整合到硒蛋白中，或者转化为硒化物的甲基化代谢物后排入尿液中。元素硒在排泄前也会甲基化。硒主要通过尿液和粪便排出，但某些硒化合物也可能通过呼气排出。(L619, L6)

Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. Selenium may be absorbed through inhalation and ingestion, while some selenium compounds may also be absorbed dermally. Once in the body, selenium is distributed mainly to the liver and kidney. Selenium is an essential micronutrient and is a component of glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases, and thioredoxin reductase. Organic selenium is first metabolized into inorganic selenium. Inorganic selenium is reduced stepwise to the intermediate hydrogen selenide, which is either incorporated into selenoproteins after being transformed to selenophosphate and selenocysteinyl tRNA or excreted into the urine after being transformed into methylated metabolites of selenide. Elemental selenium is also methylated before excretion. Selenium is primarily eliminated in the urine and feces, but certain selenium compounds may also be exhaled. (L619, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

镉最初与金属硫蛋白结合，并运输到肾脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经表明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。肾脏中镉的积累导致重要低分子量和高分子量蛋白的排泄增加。镉是亲和力高的锌类似物，可以干扰其生物过程。它还与雌激素受体结合并激活它，可能刺激某些类型的癌细胞生长并导致其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。镉通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶引起细胞凋亡。硒容易在生物分子和许多生化反应中替代硫，特别是在硒浓度高而硫浓度低的情况下。通过影响线粒体和微粒体电子传输，使细胞呼吸中氧化反应所需的巯基酶失活，可能有助于急性硒中毒。硒代甲硫氨酸（一种常见的有机硒化合物）似乎也在蛋白质合成中随机替代甲硫氨酸。这种替代可能会影响蛋白质的结构和功能，例如，通过改变二硫键。无机形式的硒似乎通过氧化还原催化与组织巯基反应，产生活性氧种，并通过氧化应激造成损害。

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. Selenium readily substitutes for sulfur in biomolecules and in many biochemical reactions, especially when the concentration of selenium is high and the concentration of sulfur is low. Inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzymes necessary for oxidative reactions in cellular respiration, through effects on mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport, might contribute to acute selenium toxicity. Selenomethionine (a common organic selenium compound) also appears to randomly substitute for methionine in protein synthesis. This substitution may affect the structure and functionability of the protein, for example, by altering disulfide bridges. Inorganic forms of selenium appear to react with tissue thiols by redox catalysis, resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species and causing damage by oxidative stress. (L619, L8, A18, A19, A28)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期暴露于镉烟雾可能会导致化学性肺炎、肺水肿以及诸如支气管炎和肺气肿等肺部疾病。镉还会在肾脏中积累，造成永久性损害。还会出现骨密度流失。长期口服高浓度的硒化合物会产生一种称为硒中毒的疾病。硒中毒的主要症状包括脱发、指甲变脆和神经系统异常（如四肢麻木和其他奇怪的感觉）。动物研究显示，硒也可能影响精子生产和女性的生殖周期。

Chronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities). Animal studies have shown that selenium may also affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. (L619, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L6）；吸入（L6）；皮肤给药（L6）

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

急性吸入镉烟尘会导致金属烟雾热，其特点是寒战、发热、头痛、虚弱、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。摄入镉会引起呕吐和腹泻。短期口服高浓度硒可能导致恶心、呕吐和腹泻。短暂接触空气中高水平的元素硒或二氧化硒会导致呼吸道刺激、支气管炎、呼吸困难以及胃痛。长期暴露于这两种空气传播形式可能会导致呼吸道刺激、支气管痉挛和咳嗽。

Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. Short-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. (L619, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  6.1

制备方法与用途

当CdS与其他物质一同沉积在玻璃或硅基板上，可以形成可调的红色、黄色或绿色荧光材料。

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  selenium 生成 硒化镉量子点（CdSe核）
  参考文献：
  名称：

  POEHKOB, N. D.

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• KUMAR, S. R.;PANDEY, R. K.;ROOZ, A. J. N., BULL. ELECTROCHEM., 5,(1989) N, C. 711-713
  作者：KUMAR, S. R.、PANDEY, R. K.、ROOZ, A. J. N.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• RADHAKRISHNA, I.;MURALL, K. R.;NAGARAJA, RAO K., BULL. ELECTROCHEM., 6,(1990) N, C. 320-321
  作者：RADHAKRISHNA, I.、MURALL, K. R.、NAGARAJA, RAO K.

  DOI：——

  日期：——