Phosphine and metal phosphides may be absorbed following ingestion or inhalation, then distribute to the nervous system, liver, and kidney. In the body, metal phosphides are hydrolysed to phosphine, and phosphine is oxidized to hypophosphite and phosphite. Metabolites are excreted in the urine, while unchanged phosphine is exhaled. (L982)
Phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, preventing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This non-competitive inhibition prevents cellular respiration and leads to multi-organ dysfunction. Phosphine can also react with hydrogen peroxide to form the highly reactive hydroxyl radical, which can cause lipid peroxidation. (A291, A292)
/Overall evaluation/ Indium phosphide is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). In the absence of data on cancer in humans, the final evaluation for the carcinogenicity of indium phosphide was upgraded from 2B to 2A based on the following: extraordinarily high incidences of malignant neoplasms of the lung in male and female rats and mice; increased incidences of pheochromocytomas in male and female rats; and increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms in male and female mice. Of significance is the fact that these increased incidences of neoplasms occurred in rats and mice exposed to extremely low concentrations of indium phosphide (0.03-0.3 mg/cu m) and, even more significant, is the fact that these increased incidences occurred in mice and rats that were exposed for only 22 weeks (0.1 and 0.3 mg/cu m) and followed for 2 years.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
评估/：对于磷化铟的人类致癌性，证据不足。对于磷化铟在实验动物中的致癌性，有充分的证据。
/Evaluation/ There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of indium phosphide. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of indium phosphide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物：磷化铟
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Indium phosphide
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：2A组：可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
... Fischer 344 rats /were exposed/ to 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg bw particulate indium phosphide (80% of the particles were < 0.8 um in diameter) by intratracheal instillation. Indium, determined by use of AAS /atomic absorption spectroscopy/ was detected at concentrations of 25 ng/g and 58 ng/g in liver and spleen, respectively, 1 day after instillation of 1 mg/kg bw indium phosphide. On day 7, the concentrations were 14 and 19 ng/g in these organs. Indium concentrations in serum increased significantly from day 1 to day 7 in animals that had received the highest dose. Toxic effects were obvious in the lungs but all rats survived. In this experiment, toxicity of indium phosphide was found to be much lower than that of more soluble compounds, such as indium chloride and indium nitrate.
The absorption of indium phosphide particles (2.4 um in diameter) following admin by oral gavage or ip injection of single doses of 0, 1,000, 3,000 or 5,000 mg/kg indium phosphide to male ICR mice, which were observed for up to 14 days /was evaluated/. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract was minimal in less than 0.125 ug indium/mL of serum was detected at all doses. Following ip injection, there was a dose related incr in indium concn in serum (0.13, 0.6 and 1.75 ug/mL). After a dose of 5,000 mg/kg, indium was detected primarily in the liver and lungs (approx 150 ug/g tissue), with some being detected in the kidneys and testes (less than 20 ug/g tissue).
The distribution of indium phosphide particles (1.73 um diameter) in male F344 rats following a single oral dose, 14 days of oral dosing, or a single intratracheal instillation of 10 mg/kg indium phosphide. Indium phosphide was poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract in both oral studies, with most being excreted in the feces. Less than 0.23% of the admin dose was excreted in the urine over a 10 day recovery period. Absorbed indium was evenly distributed among the major organs, although less than 0.67% of the dose was retained in tissues or urine following 24 hr in both oral studies, indicating that the indium was not accumulating in the bodies of rats following multiple dosing. The urinary elimination half time was determined to be about 321 hr. Intratracheal admin of indium phosphide, the majority of the tissue indium was in the lungs and less than 0.36% of the dose being evenly distributed to the other major organs.
