The evolution of the synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®), used for the oral treatment and prevention of influenza virus infections (viral flu) is described. Oseltamivir phosphate is the ethyl ester prodrug of the corresponding acid, a potent and selective inhibitor
of influenza neuraminidase. The discovery chemistry route and scalable routes used for kilo laboratory production as well as the technical access to oseltamivir phosphate from (–)-shikimic acid proceeding via a synthetically well-developed epoxide building block followed by azide
transformations are reviewed. Synthesis and process research investigations towards azide-free conversions of the key epoxide building block to oseltamivir phosphate are discussed. The search for new routes to oseltamivir phosphate independent of shikimic acid including Diels-Alder approaches
and transformations of aromatic rings employing a desymmetrization concept are presented in view of large-scale production requirements.
该文描述了奥司他韦磷酸酯(Tamiflu®)的合成演变历程,该药用于口服治疗和预防流感病毒感染(病毒性流感)。奥司他韦磷酸酯是相应酸的乙酯酯前药,是一种强效且选择性的流感神经氨酸酶抑制剂。文中回顾了从(-)-樟脑酸经由合成良好发展的环氧化合物基团和叠氮化反应到达奥司他韦磷酸酯的发现化学途径和可扩展途径,以及用于千克级实验室生产的技术途径。讨论了关于将关键环氧化合物基团转化为奥司他韦磷酸酯的无叠氮化反应的合成和工艺研究调查。为满足大规模生产需求,文中提出了独立于樟脑酸的奥司他韦磷酸新途径的探索,包括Diels-Alder方法和利用非对称化概念对芳香环的转化。