硒化镓(III) | 12024-24-7

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 硫族化合物
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 各种混合金属/非金属
• 中文名称: 硒化镓(III)
• 中文别名: 硒化镓
• 英文名称: Gallium;selenium
• 英文别名: gallium;selenium
• CAS: 12024-24-7；12024-11-2
• 化学式: GaSe
• 分子量: 148.69
• InChiKey: QNWMNMIVDYETIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  960°C
• 密度：
  5.030

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.76
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

硒可能通过吸入和摄入被吸收，而一些硒化合物也可能通过皮肤被吸收。一旦进入体内，硒主要分布到肝脏和肾脏。硒是一种必需的微量元素，是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碘甲状腺原氨酸5'-脱碘酶和硫氧还蛋白还原酶的组成部分。有机硒首先被代谢成无机硒。无机硒逐步还原为中间体氢硒化物，然后被转化为硒磷酸和硒半胱氨酸tRNA并整合到硒蛋白中，或者在被转化为硒化物的甲基化代谢物后排入尿液中。元素硒在排泄前也会被甲基化。硒主要通过尿液和粪便排出，但某些硒化合物也可能通过呼吸排出。(L619)

Selenium may be absorbed through inhalation and ingestion, while some selenium compounds may also be absorbed dermally. Once in the body, selenium is distributed mainly to the liver and kidney. Selenium is an essential micronutrient and is a component of glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases, and thioredoxin reductase. Organic selenium is first metabolized into inorganic selenium. Inorganic selenium is reduced stepwise to the intermediate hydrogen selenide, which is either incorporated into selenoproteins after being transformed to selenophosphate and selenocysteinyl tRNA or excreted into the urine after being transformed into methylated metabolites of selenide. Elemental selenium is also methylated before excretion. Selenium is primarily eliminated in the urine and feces, but certain selenium compounds may also be exhaled. (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

硒可以轻易地替代生物分子中的硫，并在许多生化反应中替代硫，特别是在硒的浓度高而硫的浓度低时。通过影响线粒体和微囊电子传递，使细胞呼吸中氧化反应所需的巯基酶失活，这可能是急性硒中毒的一个原因。硒代甲硫氨酸（一种常见的有机硒化合物）似乎也可以随机地替代蛋白质合成中的甲硫氨酸。这种替代可能会影响蛋白质的结构和功能性，例如，通过改变二硫键。无机形态的硒似乎通过氧化还原催化与组织巯基反应，导致形成活性氧种，并通过氧化应激造成损害。（L619）

Selenium readily substitutes for sulfur in biomolecules and in many biochemical reactions, especially when the concentration of selenium is high and the concentration of sulfur is low. Inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzymes necessary for oxidative reactions in cellular respiration, through effects on mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport, might contribute to acute selenium toxicity. Selenomethionine (a common organic selenium compound) also appears to randomly substitute for methionine in protein synthesis. This substitution may affect the structure and functionability of the protein, for example, by altering disulfide bridges. Inorganic forms of selenium appear to react with tissue thiols by redox catalysis, resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species and causing damage by oxidative stress. (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 无法归类其对人类致癌性的类别。(L135)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期口服高浓度硒化合物可能会产生一种叫做硒中毒的疾病。硒中毒的主要症状包括脱发、指甲变脆和神经系统异常（例如四肢麻木和其他奇怪的感觉）。动物研究显示，硒还可能影响精子生产和女性生殖周期。

Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities). Animal studies have shown that selenium may also affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L619）；吸入（L619）；皮肤给药（L619）

Oral (L619) ; inhalation (L619) ; dermal (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

短期内口服高浓度的硒可能会导致恶心、呕吐和腹泻。短暂接触空气中的高浓度元素硒或二氧化硒可能会导致呼吸道刺激、支气管炎、呼吸困难以及胃痛。长期接触这两种空气传播形式可能会导致呼吸道刺激、支气管痉挛和咳嗽。

Short-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3077

制备方法与用途

物理性质

硒化镓是一种暗棕色闪光的片状晶体，相对密度为5.03，熔点约为960℃。与GaS一样，GaSe也是一种层状结构半导体，在温度降低时其光电效应最大值向短波方向移动。

制备

硒化镓可通过缓慢加热1∶1硒和镓的混合物来制得。

用途

硒化镓是一种带隙约为2eV的半导体。由于GaSe具有强光致发光的直接带隙特性，它可用于制造各种光电器件。