Aluminum sodium oxide phosphate | 1344-06-5

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 后过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: Aluminum sodium oxide phosphate
• CAS: 1344-06-5
• 化学式: AlNa2O5P
• 分子量: 183.93
• InChiKey: JAOGTTWXBMDODU-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 颜色/状态：
  White powder

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.09
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  87.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  5

ADMET

毒理性

• 相互作用

在长期透析患者的研究案例中，系统性铝吸收与同时口服柠檬酸（作为一种碱化剂）和含铝的磷酸盐粘合剂（例如，氢氧化铝或碳酸铝）显著增加。基于提出的机制和药理相似性，预计柠檬酸与其他铝盐（例如，磷酸铝、甘氨酸铝、凹凸棒石、双氢氧化铝、高岭土、镁铝硅酸盐）之间可能会发生相互作用。已经证明，在同时给予柠檬酸（来自柠檬汁）和氢氧化铝后，非离子化铝-柠檬酸复合物的血清水平会增加，据推测这种复合物容易通过胃肠道屏障。应避免同时给予柠檬酸和氢氧化铝，因为可能会发生显著的系统性铝吸收。这对于长期透析患者或肾功能受损的患者来说可能是额外的关注点。/铝盐/

In a case study of patients on long-term dialysis, systemic aluminum absorption with concurrent oral citrate (as an alkalinizing agent) and aluminum-containing phosphate binder (eg, aluminum hydroxide or carbonate) was significantly increased. Based on the proposed mechanism and pharmacologic similarity, an interaction may be expected to occur between citric acid and other aluminum salts (eg, aluminum phosphate, aluminum glycinate, attapulgite, dihydroxyaluminum, kaolin, magaldrate). It has been shown that following concurrent administration of citric acid (from lemon juice) and aluminum hydroxide there is an increase in serum levels of a nonionized aluminum-citrate complex, which is postulated to easily pass the gastrointestinal barrier. Simultaneous administration of citric acid and aluminum hydroxide should be avoided since significant systemic absorption of aluminum may occur. This may be of additional concern in patients on long-term dialysis or with impaired renal function. /Aluminum salts/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

检查了25名接受透析的患者，他们意外接触了铝和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）。随着甲状旁腺激素的减少，血清钙增加。基于这一观察，有人建议铝被整合到骨骼中，代替了钙，这导致了铝诱导骨病的特征性骨软化。钙没有整合到类骨质骨组织中，而是返回循环，这反过来又抑制了甲状旁腺释放甲状旁腺激素。支持这一假设的是，在人类骨骼中铝含量与未矿化类骨质占据的骨量之间发现了强烈的相关性。在关于小鸡的研究中，也提供了对钙-铝相互作用假设的实验支持。/铝/

... Examined 25 dialysis patients that experienced accidental exposure to aluminum and parathyroid hormone (PTH). At the same time as parathyroid hormone decreased, serum calcium increased. Based on this observation it has been suggested that aluminum is incorporated, instead of calcium, into the bone and that this leads to the osteomalacia characteristic of aluminum-induced bone disease. Instead of being incorporated into osteoid bone tissue, calcium returns to the circulation which in turn inhibits the parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid. In support of this hypothesis, ... found a strong correlation between bone aluminum content and the amount of bone occupied by unmineralized osteoid in humans. Experimental support for the hypothesis of calcium-aluminum interactions has also been provided in studies on chicks. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

治疗：缓解由吞咽铝盐引起的胃肠不适...必须确定由呕吐和腹泻引起的脱水和电解质丢失的程度，并通过静脉输注适当的溶液来纠正。/铝盐/

TREATMENT: TO RELIEVE THE GI DISTRESS /CAUSED BY SWALLOWING ALUMINUM SALTS/... THE DEGREE OF DEHYDRATION & ELECTROLYTE LOSS CAUSED BY VOMITING & DIARRHEA MUST BE DETERMINED, & CORRECTED BY IV INFUSIONS OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS. /ALUMINUM SALTS/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

诊断：当无法获取病史时，诊断依赖于呕吐物、胃内容物或粪便中大量铝的演示。/铝化合物/

DIAGNOSIS: WHEN HISTORY IS UNATTAINABLE, DIAGNOSIS DEPENDS ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF LARGE AMT OF ALUMINUM IN VOMITUS, STOMACH CONTENTS OR FECES. /ALUMINUM CMPD/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

去铁胺已用于治疗透析脑病和骨软化症，并报告有症状缓解。建议对铝中毒的透析患者使用去铁胺，其血清铝水平在100至200微克/毫升之间。去铁胺还用于诊断与铝相关的骨营养不良。在以40毫克/公斤的剂量输注去铁胺2小时后，血浆铝浓度增加200微克/升，识别出37名活检证实的与铝相关的骨营养不良患者中的35名（敏感性，94%；特异性，50%）。钙钠乙二胺四乙酸不如去铁胺有效于螯合铝。尤其是在透析患者中，应减少含铝药物的使用。/铝/

Deferoxamine has been used to treat dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia with symptomatic relief reported. The use of deferoxamine for aluminum-toxic dialysis patients has been suggested for serum levels of aluminum between 100 and 200 ug/ml. Deferoxamine also has been used to diagnose aluminum-related osteodystrophy. After a deferoxamine infusion of 40 mg/kg over 2 hours, an increment in plasma aluminum concentration of 200 ug/l identified 35 of 37 patients with biopsy-proven aluminum-related osteodystrophy (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 50%). Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid does not appear as effective as deferoxamine in chelating aluminum. Especially in dialysis patients, aluminum-containing medications should be reduced. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

计算结果表明，透析液中的铝浓度在0.2-1.0毫克/升（这个浓度在许多水源中都可以找到）时，每次透析治疗会导致3-16毫克的铝直接进入血液，或者每月42-211毫克。/铝/

It was calculated that a dialysate aluminum concn of 0.2-1.0 mg/l (a concn readily found in many water supplies) would result in the direct transfer of aluminum into the blood of 3-16 mg for each dialysis treatment or 42-211 mg/mo. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在切除肾脏的大鼠中，给予相同剂量的铝会导致血清和组织中金属含量显著高于正常大鼠，尽管铝在尿液中通常只有微量排泄。/铝/

A given oral dose of aluminum results in significantly higher serum and tissue levels of the metal in nephrectomized rats than in intact controls in spite of the fact that only minimal amounts of aluminum are normally excreted in the urine. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在血浆蛋白中，总铝的70-90%与之结合（60-70%与高分子量蛋白结合，10-20%与白蛋白结合），而仅有10-30%未结合。铝对血浆蛋白的高亲和力强烈表明铝与多种组织蛋白有高度结合。

It was found that 70-90% of total aluminum bound to plasma proteins (60-70% to a high molecular weight protein and 10-20% to albumin while only 10-30% was unbound). This high affinity of aluminum for plasma proteins strongly suggests high levels of binding of aluminum to a variety of tissue proteins. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在肾透析过程中，铝进入血液是由于铝与血浆蛋白的广泛结合，导致血浆中未结合状态的铝非常少。因此，血浆蛋白起到了积累金属的陷阱作用。研究表明，血浆蛋白中与铝结合的组分是可饱和的。与此一致的是，在使用含有铝的透析液进行透析时，血浆中的铝含量会达到一个平台期。/铝/

It was shown that the uptake of aluminum into the blood during renal dialysis was due to the extensive binding of aluminum to plasma proteins leaving very little aluminum in the non-bound state in plasma. Thus, the plasma proteins served as a trap for accumulating the metal. It was shown that the component of plasma protein that binds aluminum is saturable. Consistent with this ... is the fact that, during dialysis with aluminum-containing dialysate, plasma aluminum levels reach a plateau. /Aluminum/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)