硝酸（IV）水合物 | 16092-49-2

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 锕系含氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 硝酸（IV）水合物
• 英文名称: Thorium nitrate
• 英文别名: thorium(4+);tetranitrate
• CAS: 16092-49-2；13823-29-5；61443-54-7
• 化学式: Th(NO3)4
• 分子量: 480.06
• InChiKey: VGBPIHVLVSGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  decomposes at 500℃ [CRC10]
• 溶解度：
  极易溶于水、乙醇
• 颜色/状态：
  WHITE SOLID
• 稳定性/保质期：
  无水物在5000℃下分解为二氧化钍。一般工业产品通常含有约48%至50%的二氧化钍，呈现白色蔗糖状。这种物质是一种强氧化剂。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.96
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  252
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  12

ADMET

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……预见并治疗癫痫发作……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射并不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭……。/硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, Nitrites, and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识或呼吸暂停的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...。开始静脉输液，使用D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用乳酸钠林格氏液。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果对这些措施无反应，血管加压药可能有所帮助。注意液体过载的迹象...。用地西泮（安定）治疗癫痫...。如果患者出现严重低氧血症、发绀和心脏受损的症状且对氧气治疗无反应，给予1%亚甲蓝溶液。...。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/

Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

硝酸钍在每天通过腹腔注射给予大鼠时，会在大鼠睾丸中引起逐步的形态学和生物化学改变。随着处理时间的延长，生精管的变性变化增加，在90天后，大约25%的生精管和睾丸白膜结缔组织中出现了钙化。ATP酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性显著增加。

THORIUM NITRATE PRODUCED PROGRESSIVE MORPHOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN RAT TESTIS WHEN ADMIN DAILY IP. THE DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES INCR WITH THE DURATION OF THE TREATMENT AND AFTER 90 DAYS CALCIFICATION OCCURRED IN ABOUT 25% OF THE TUBULES AND IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA. THE ACTIVITY OF ATPASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE INCR MARKEDLY.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

10毫克/千克/天的硝酸钍对大鼠进行120天的管理导致肾脏和肝脏中的碱性磷酸酶和腺苷三磷酸酶活性降低。

IP ADMIN OF 10 MG THORIUM NITRATE/KG/DAY FOR 120 DAYS TO RATS CAUSED DECREASES IN ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE & ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN THE KIDNEYS AND LIVER.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

... 将5%、10%和20%的钍硝酸盐1毫升剂量每天涂抹在雄性白化大鼠的侧腹部和阴囊区域的皮肤上，持续15天。15天后，这些动物被处死。... 所有大鼠的皮肤、肝脏、肾脏或睾丸都没有明显的异常。... 在接受20%钍溶液的动物皮肤和睾丸中发现了轻度的退行性变化。皮肤病变包括... 角化过度和上皮衬里的增厚。睾丸病变包括... 精索小管和间质的水肿以及精子生成细胞的脱屑。一些小管含有巨型精细胞。

... One ml doses of 5%, 10%, and 20% thorium nitrate /were applied daily/ to the skin in the lateroabdominal and scrotal areas of male albino rats for 15 days. The animals were sacrified 15 days later. ... There was no gross abnormality in skin, liver, kidneys, or testes of any of the rats. ... Mild degenerative changes were found in the skin and testes of animals receiving the 20% thorium soln. Skin lesions consisted of ... acanthosis & thickening of epithelial lining. Testicular lesions consisted of ... edema of seminiferous tubules & interstitium & desquamation of the spermatogenic cells. A few tubules carried spermatid type giant cells.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 在剂量为500至800毫克/千克硝酸钍时，小于0.001%从胃肠道吸收，在5毫克/千克剂量时吸收率为0.05%。

... Less than 0.001% is absorbed /from the gastrointestinal tract/ at doses of 500 to 800 mg/kg thorium nitrate and 0.05% at doses of 5 mg/kg.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

钍（作为硝酸盐）与（牛）皮质骨糖蛋白、唾液酸蛋白强烈结合，该蛋白沿着蛋白质链具有高密度的羧酸基团分布；骨骼唾液酸蛋白中42%的氨基酸要么是天冬氨酸要么是谷氨酸，它们主要负责与高度带电的钍离子结合。

... Thorium (as the nitrate) binds strongly to the (bovine) cortical bone glucoprotein, sialoprotein, which has a high density distribution of carboxylic acid groups along the protein chain; 42% of the amino acids in bone sialoprotein are either aspartic or glutamic acids, and are mainly responsible for binding of highly charged thorium ions.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

分析显微镜用于研究在注射二氧化钍和硝酸钍后，钍在骨髓和肝脏中的分布和化学组成。Thorotrast（二氧化钍）被确定位于一个42年前接受过脑动脉造影的患者的骨髓巨噬细胞中。大量的Thorotrast沉积物也存在于肝细胞中。在大鼠中注射的非胶体钍（硝酸钍）以非可溶形式集中在骨髓巨噬细胞、肝细胞和库普弗细胞中。这些与磷相关的钍沉积可以通过溶酶体中形成长期留在组织中的钍磷酸盐来解释。

Analytical microscopy was used to study the distribution and chemical composition of thorium deposits in bone marrow and liver after injection of thorium dioxide and thorium nitrate. Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) was identified as being localized in bone marow macrophages of a patient who had undergone cerebral arteriography forty two years ago. Large thorotrast deposits were also present in liver cells. Non-colloidal thorium (thorium nitrate) injected in rats concentrated in a non-soluble form in bone marrow macrophages, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These deposits of thorium associated with phosphorus can be explained by the formation of thorium phosphate in lysosomes that remain in tissue for a long time.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  7

制备方法与用途

类别：放射性物品

毒性分级：中毒

急性毒性：口服-小鼠 LD50: 1760 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：遇有机物或易燃物可燃；高温下会分解

储运特性：应存放在通风、低温和干燥的库房中，并与易燃物、可燃物及危险品分开存放

灭火剂：适用砂土、二氧化碳、雾状水以及泡沫

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  硝酸（IV）水合物 生成 氧化钍
  参考文献：
  名称：

  YAMAGISHI, SHIGERU;TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHISA, J. NUCL. SCI. AND TECHNOL., 26,(1989) N0, C. 41-49

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硝酸 生成 硝酸（IV）水合物
  参考文献：
  名称：

  PYATIBRATOV, YU. P.;RENARD, EH. V.;KOROTKOV, I. A.;NEUMOEV, N. V.;GOLDFAR+

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• VOEGTLE F.; MUELLER W. M.; WEHNER W.; BUHLEIER E., CHEM. BER., 1979, 112, NO 3, 899-907
  作者：VOEGTLE F.、 MUELLER W. M.、 WEHNER W.、 BUHLEIER E.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• GANDIKOTA, R. R.;DAS, A. R., TRANS. INDIAN CERAM. SOC., 48,(1989) N, C. 16-18
  作者：GANDIKOTA, R. R.、DAS, A. R.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SHARMA, R. K.;KUMAR, N;GANATRA, V. R.;NARONHA, D. M.;VAIDYA, V. N.;SOOD, +, REPORT,(1988) N436 , C. 15-18
  作者：SHARMA, R. K.、KUMAR, N、GANATRA, V. R.、NARONHA, D. M.、VAIDYA, V. N.、SOOD, +

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• YAMAGISHI, SHIGERU;TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHISA, J. NUCL. SCI. AND TECHNOL., 26,(1989) N0, C. 41-49
  作者：YAMAGISHI, SHIGERU、TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHISA

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• RAMANATHAN, S.;RAO, S. V. K., TRANS. INDIAN CERAM. SOC., 49,(1990) N, C. 6-8
  作者：RAMANATHAN, S.、RAO, S. V. K.

  DOI：——

  日期：——