Formal aza-[3+3] versus aza-[3+2] cycloadditions of heterocyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride and maleimides: skeletally diverse synthesis of pyrrolizidinones, indolizidinones, and pyrroloazepinones
摘要:
The domino aza-annulation of cyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride and maleimides was investigated, and selectively one-step skeletally diverse synthesis of each alkaloid-like pyrrolizidinone, indolizidinone, and pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepinone was developed, switching between aza-[3+3] and aza-[3+2] modes of formal cycloaddition reactions. For the synthesis of pyrroloazepinones, seven-membered enaminone and maleic anhydride or maleimides are efficient, via the [3+2] mode. To access indolizidinones, five or six-membered enaminones are the choice, and both [3+2] and [3+3] modes were viable exclusively with maleic anhydride. Pyrrolizidinone can be selectively synthesized in good yield through the [3+2] mode, only with five-membered enaminone and N-(4-NO2Ph)maleimide, under catalysis by PTSA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Formal aza-[3+3] versus aza-[3+2] cycloadditions of heterocyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride and maleimides: skeletally diverse synthesis of pyrrolizidinones, indolizidinones, and pyrroloazepinones
The domino aza-annulation of cyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride and maleimides was investigated, and selectively one-step skeletally diverse synthesis of each alkaloid-like pyrrolizidinone, indolizidinone, and pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepinone was developed, switching between aza-[3+3] and aza-[3+2] modes of formal cycloaddition reactions. For the synthesis of pyrroloazepinones, seven-membered enaminone and maleic anhydride or maleimides are efficient, via the [3+2] mode. To access indolizidinones, five or six-membered enaminones are the choice, and both [3+2] and [3+3] modes were viable exclusively with maleic anhydride. Pyrrolizidinone can be selectively synthesized in good yield through the [3+2] mode, only with five-membered enaminone and N-(4-NO2Ph)maleimide, under catalysis by PTSA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.