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氧化亚镍 | 1313-99-1

中文名称
氧化亚镍
中文别名
纳米氧化镍;氧化镍;氧化镍(II);镍绿;绿色氧化镍;一氧化镍
英文名称
nickel monoxide
英文别名
nickel oxide;oxonickel
氧化亚镍化学式
CAS
1313-99-1;34492-97-2;11099-02-8
化学式
NiO
mdl
——
分子量
74.6894
InChiKey
GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    1960 °C
  • 密度:
    6.67 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 溶解度:
    不溶于水;溶于酸溶液
  • 暴露限值:
    a/nm
  • 物理描述:
    Nickel oxide appears as odorless green-black cubic crystals (yellow when hot) or green powder. (NTP, 1992)
  • 颜色/状态:
    Green powder
  • 蒸汽压力:
    0 mm Hg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
  • 分解:
    Toxic gases and vapors (such as nickel carbonyl) may be released ... in the decomp of nickel cmpd. /Nickel & sol nickel cmpd/
  • 折光率:
    INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.1818 (RED)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.12
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    17.1
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
主要通过肺和胃肠吸收。一旦进入体内,它会进入血液,在那里与白蛋白、L-组氨酸和_2-巨球蛋白结合。倾向于积累在肺、甲状腺、肾脏、心脏和肝脏中。吸收的通过尿液排出,而未被吸收的则通过粪便排出。(L41)
Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (L41)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
代谢
主要通过肺和胃肠吸收。一旦进入体内,它会进入血液,在那里与白蛋白、L-组氨酸和_2-巨球蛋白结合。倾向于积累在肺、甲状腺、肾脏、心脏和肝脏中。吸收的通过尿液排出,而未吸收的则通过粪便排出。(L41)
Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (L41)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
氧化物不溶于。在污染的空气中,主要的化合物之一是氧化物。碳酰不稳定,在空气中分解形成氧化物。呼吸道吸收伴随次要的胃肠道吸收(不溶和可溶化合物)是职业暴露期间的主要入侵途径。大量吸入的物质会在呼吸道粘液清除后随吞咽进入胃肠道。不良的个人卫生和工作习惯可能导致胃肠道暴露。经皮吸收在数量上可以忽略不计,但在接触过敏性疾病的发病机制中很重要。吸收与化合物的溶解度有关,一般遵循碳酰>可溶性化合物>不溶性化合物的关系。在仓鼠和老鼠身上进行的不溶性氧化物的实验显示吸收不良,几周后大部分物质仍留在肺部。长期吸入氧化物会导致大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠呼吸道的粘膜损伤和炎症反应。在大鼠吸入氧化物气溶胶后观察到上皮细胞增生。长期高平暴露于氧化物会导致大鼠逐渐进展为肺尘病。吸入黑氧化物并未在叙利亚仓鼠(一种对肺致癌作用有抵抗力的物种)中诱导肺肿瘤。未识别的//氧化物制剂在多种实验动物经肌内、皮下、腹腔、胸膜内、眼内、骨内、肾内、关节内、睾丸内或脂肪内给药后诱导局部间叶肿瘤。在单次给药研究中,两种特意为致癌性测试准备的氧化物样品并未观察到局部致癌反应。在重复气管内滴注的研究中,氧化物引起了肺部肿瘤。在几乎所有癌症风险升高的环境中都存在氧化物,通常还伴有其他一种或多种的形式(硫化物、可溶性)。
...Nickel oxide is insoluble in water. ... In polluted air one of the predominant nickel cmpd ... is nickel oxide(s). ... Nickel carbonyl is unstable in air & decomposes to form nickel oxide. ... Respiratory absorption with secondary GI absorption (insoluble & soluble cmpd) is a major route of entry during occupational exposure. A significant quantity of inhaled material is swallowed following mucocillary clearance from the respiratory tract. Poor personal hygiene *& work practices can contribute to GI exposure. Percutaneous absorption is negligible, quantitatively, but is important in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. Absorption is related to the solubility of the cmpd, following the general relationships nickel carbonyl> soluble nickel cmpd> insoluble nickel cmpd. ... Studies on hamsters & rats with insoluble nickel oxide showed poor absorption, with retention of much of the material in the lung after several weeks. ... Long term inhalation exposure to ... nickel oxide caused mucosal damage & inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract of rats, mice & guinea pigs. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in rats after inhalation exposure to aerosols of ... nickel oxide. High level long term exposure to nickel oxide led to gradually progressive pneumoconiosis in rats. ... Inhalation exposure to black nickel oxide did not induce lung tumors in Syrian golden hamsters (a species resistant to lung carcinogenesis). ... Unidentified /nickel/ oxide preparations ... induced local mesenchymal tumors in a variety of experimental animals after im, sc, ip, intrapleural, intraocular, intraosseous, intrarenal, intra-articular, intratesticular, or intra-adipose admin. No local carcinogenic response was seen in single dose studies ... with two specimens of nickel oxide, especially prepared for carcinogenicity testing ... . ... In studies using repeated intratracheal instillation, ... nickel oxide caused pulmonary tumors. ... Nickel oxide was present in almost all circumstances in which cancer risks were elevated, together with one or more other forms of nickel (nickel subsulfide, soluble nickel, metallic nickel).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
已知可以在某些酶中替代其他必需元素,如调神经蛋白。它具有基因毒性,一些化合物已被证明可以促进细胞增殖。对染色质蛋白具有高亲和力,尤其是组蛋白和精蛋白。离子与异染色质的结合会导致包括浓缩、DNA过度甲基化、基因沉默以及组蛋白乙酰化抑制等一系列变化,这些都已被证明会干扰基因表达。还被证明可以改变包括低氧诱导转录因子、激活转录因子和NF-KB转录因子在内的几个转录因子。还有证据表明,离子可以抑制DNA修复,要么直接抑制DNA修复酶,要么与离子竞争结合指DNA结合蛋白,导致DNA结构变化,阻止修复酶的结合。离子还可以与多种细胞配体复合,包括氨基酸、肽和蛋白质,从而产生氧自由基,诱导碱基损伤、DNA链断裂和DNA蛋白质交联。(L41, A40)
Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (L41, A40)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
已知可以在某些酶中替代其他必需元素,如调神经蛋白。它具有基因毒性,一些化合物已被证明能促进细胞增殖。对染色质蛋白具有高亲和力,尤其是组蛋白和精蛋白。离子与异染色质的结合会导致包括浓缩、DNA过度甲基化、基因沉默以及组蛋白乙酰化的抑制等在内的多种改变,这些已被证明会干扰基因表达。还被证明可以改变几个转录因子,包括低氧诱导转录因子、激活转录因子和NF-KB转录因子。还有证据表明,离子可以抑制DNA修复,要么直接抑制DNA修复酶,要么与离子竞争结合指DNA结合蛋白,导致DNA结构变化,阻止修复酶的结合。离子还可以与多种细胞配体结合,包括氨基酸、肽和蛋白质,从而产生氧自由基,诱导碱基损伤、DNA链断裂和DNA蛋白质交联。(L41, A40)
Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (L41, A40)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
分类:A;人类致癌物。分类依据:人类数据显示,接触精炼尘埃导致硫化镍冶炼工人在不同国家的几项流行病学研究中出现肺和鼻肿瘤,以及动物数据显示,通过吸入和注射使大鼠产生癌症。人类致癌性数据:充分。/精炼尘埃/
CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Human data in which exposure to nickel refinery dust caused lung and nasal tumors in sulfide nickel matte refinery workers in several epidemiologic studies in different countries and on animal data in which carcinomas were produced in rats by inhalation and injection. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Nickel refinery dust/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A1:已确认的人类致癌物。/,不溶性无机化合物(NOS),作为/
A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Nickel, Insoluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
吸入氧化气溶胶十天后,... 80%的沉积剂量仍然保留在仓鼠的肺中。
Ten days after the inhalation of a nickel oxide aerosol, ... 80% of the deposited dose was still retained in the lung of hamsters.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
Wistar雄性大鼠每天暴露于绿色氧化气溶胶7小时,每周5天,持续少于或等于12个月。平均暴露浓度控制在0.3毫克/立方米和1.2毫克/立方米。在大鼠暴露3-6个月或12个月后对其进行处死。暴露组与对照组之间的体重增加没有差异。暴露大鼠的肺重比对照组的肺重。暴露组的肺中浓度远高于对照组。随着暴露时间的增加,肝、肾、脾和血液中的浓度略有上升。在12个月暴露期间,肺中的含量是理论估计的。估计值与实验数据一致。
Wistar male rats were exposed to green nickel oxide aerosols (mass media aerodynamic diameter, 0.6 um) for 7 hr/day, 5 days/wk for less than or equal to 12 mo. The avg exposure concn was controlled at 0.3 mg/cu m and 1.2 mg/cu m. Rats were sacrificed following a 3-6 or 12 mo exposure. There were no differences in body wt gain between exposure groups and controls. Lung wt in exposed rats were heavier than those in the control groups. Nickel concn in lung of exposure groups were much higher than those of controls. The nickel concn in liver, kidney, spleen, and blood increased slightly with increased exposure times. The nickel content in lung during the 12 mo exposure was estimated theoretically. The estimated values agreed with the experimental data.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在96小时实验中,20、40和80毫克/升的浓度下发生了显著的上吸和积累。贻贝在20毫克/升的浓度下分泌了足丝,但在更高浓度下没有分泌。
SIGNIFICANT UPTAKE & ACCUM OCCURRED IN 20, 40, & 80 MG NI/L IN 96 HR EXPT. MUSSELS SECRETED BYSSAL THREADS IN CONCN OF 20 MG NI/L, BUT NOT IN HIGHER CONCN.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠急性或慢性暴露后...通过吸入,(Ni)的增加主要发生在肺和肝的微粒体和上清液中。在慢性暴露后,也观察到肺的核和线粒体组分中的增加量。
AFTER ACUTE OR CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF RATS ... BY INHALATION, INCR IN NI OCCUR PREDOMINANTLY IN MICROSOMAL & SUPERNATANT FRACTIONS OF LUNG & LIVER. AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE, INCR AMT OF NI ARE ALSO OBSERVED IN NUCLEAR & MITOCHONDRIAL FRACTION OF THE LUNG.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi,T
  • 安全说明:
    S36/37,S45,S53,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R49,R43,R48/23,R36/37,R53
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    2825400000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3288
  • RTECS号:
    QR8400000
  • 包装等级:
    Z01
  • 危险标志:
    GHS07,GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H317,H350i,H372,H413
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P201,P280,P308 + P313

SDS

SDS:6da8a9c80cc3d007c0028035f508a48c
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制备方法与用途

氧化简介

氧化是一种p型半导体材料,禁带宽度为3.7eV,在传统工业中常用作光催化剂、电池阴极材料等。此外,它还用作陶瓷和玻璃颜料,搪瓷工业中的瓷釉密着剂和着色剂,以及陶瓷工业中的色料原料。在磁性材料生产过程中,氧化常用于制造氧体。同时,它还可作为茶色玻璃和显像管玻壳的着色剂,也是制造盐及催化剂的重要原料。

制备方法

一种制备氧化纳米晶体的方法如下:首先配置170mL摩尔浓度为0.12mol/L的NiCl2去离子溶液;然后向该溶液中滴加77.5mL摩尔浓度为0.4mol/L的KOH的/乙醇溶液,搅拌5分钟后离心提纯。将得到的绿色沉淀分散于200mL乙醇二甲基亚砜(体积比1:1)混合液中,在150℃下反应3小时后经离心提纯获得氧化纳米晶体;再将其均匀分散在无乙醇中,制得氧化纳米晶体(NiOx)的乙醇分散液。

毒性

能进入细胞,破坏细胞中的酶和代谢过程,可能因生成某些致癌物质而产生致癌作用。接触盐可导致性湿疹或性疥疮。空气中二价氧化物最高容许浓度为0.5 mg/m³(以计)。在生产过程中操作人员需佩戴防毒口罩及面具,尽量避免皮肤直接接触,并实行机械化操作以减少粉尘。定期检查接触化合物的工作人员的身体状况。

化学性质

常温下,氧化呈绿色至黑绿色立方晶系粉末,在高温下会变黄色。其相对密度为6.67,熔点为1984℃。氧化能溶于酸和氨水,而不溶于或液。加热到400℃时,因吸收空气中的氧而转变为三氧化二;在600℃下还原为一氧化。低温制得的一氧化具有较高的化学活性,在1000℃高温煅烧下则变得较为稳定且活性较小。随着制备温度的升高,其密度和电阻增加,溶解度和催化活性降低。

用途

氧化广泛应用于搪瓷、陶瓷及玻璃颜料;磁性材料生产中用于制造氧体等;作为制造盐原料、催化剂,并在冶与显像管行业中应用。此外,它还被用作电子元件材料、蓄电池材料,以及还原制备中的重要成分。

生产方法

通过煅烧分解法将下脚料(含等杂质)经硫化氢双氧水碳酸氨水处理去除杂质后,再与硫酸反应生成硫酸镍。随后经过焙烧粉碎步骤制得一氧化成品。反应方程式为:(NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 → NiO + SO3 + (NH4)HSO4 + NH3

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    MATSUNO, XIROSI;SAGO, FUMIO
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    UEHDA, XISASI;JONEHMURA, MITIKO;SEHKINO, TADAO
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    吗啉苯乙炔邻甲氧基苯甲醛氧化亚镍 作用下, 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂, 以91 %的产率得到4-(1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-yn-1-yl)morpholine
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Glycothermally Synthesized Self-aggregated ZnS Spherical Particles for Methyl Orange Photodecomposition
    摘要:
    以乙二醇(C2H6O2)为溶剂,通过糖热法在 125 oC 的相对低温下合成了高产率的 ZnS 粒子。我们报告了一种从 ZnS 纳米晶体制备球形自团聚 ZnS 粒子的简便方法,该方法以醋酸锌为 Zn2+ 源,硫脲为硫源,无需矿化或其他介质。利用 XRD、FE-SEM、TEM、XPS、BET 和紫外-可见吸收对自团聚 ZnS 粒子的晶相结构、形貌、尺寸、表面化学成分和光学性质进行了表征。ZnS 颗粒具有立方相锌混合物结构,不含任何其他杂质。根据 XRD 峰宽和 TEM 图像估算,合成的原生纳米晶体的平均晶粒大小接近 4 纳米。FE-SEM 图像显示,所有的 ZnS 都由自聚集颗粒组成,具有球形形态,大小约为 0.2 µm 至 0.5 µm,其中包含许多微小的原生纳米晶体。制备的 ZnS 在紫外区具有很强的光吸收能力。随着糖热反应温度的升高,光带隙从 3.85 eV 减小到 3.62 eV,这是由于粒度和结晶度的改善所致。通过在紫外光(λ = 365 nm)下光分解甲基橙(MO)染料,研究了糖热反应温度对合成的自团聚 ZnS 粒子光催化活性的影响。所制备的 ZnS 在照射 60 分钟后表现出优异的光催化降解性能,反应温度分别为 125 oC(5%)、150 oC(10%)、175 oC(60%)和 200 oC(90%)。研究发现,在 200 oC 下制备的 ZnS 粒子的光催化降解率最高,90 分钟后,各种光生自由基清除剂对 MO 的分解率接近 100%。
    DOI:
    10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.10.745
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文献信息

  • The spectrum of nickel monoxide between 410 and 510 nm: laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed fluorescence measurements
    作者:Walter J Balfour、Jianying Cao、Roy H Jensen、Runhua Li
    DOI:10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.089
    日期:2004.2
    and NO have been studied via laser-induced and dispersed fluorescence spectroscopies. NiC, NiH and NiO species have been detected between 410 and 510 nm. Twenty NiO bands have been rotationally analyzed for the first time and, in most instances, measurements of the 58NiO/60NiO isotopic shifts have been made. Dispersed fluorescence data have been collected at two excitation wavelengths, corresponding
    通过激光诱导和分散的荧光光谱研究了激光烧蚀的原子与CH 4,O 2和NO反应的产物。已检测到410至510 nm之间的NiC,NiH和NiO物种。首次对20条NiO谱带进行了旋转分析,在大多数情况下,已对58个NiO / 60个NiO同位素位移进行了测量。在两个激发波长处(对应于479.1和474.5 nm附近)的两个突出LIF波段,已收集了分散的荧光数据。已经确定了所有基态平直到v = 9的振动能。
  • Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy of a new A3Πi-X3Σ− system of NiO
    作者:R.S. Ram、P.F. Bernath
    DOI:10.1016/0022-2852(92)90520-x
    日期:1992.10
    Abstract A new A3Πi-X3Σ− electronic transition of NiO has been observed in the near infrared region extending from 2.1 to 2.6 μm. The molecule was excited in emission from an Ni hollow cathode discharge and the spectra were observed using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The observed spectrum consists of the 0-0 band for the 3Π0-3Σ1−, 3Π1-3Σ0− subbands and the 1-1 band of the 3Π1-3Σ0− subband. The
    摘要 在从 2.1 到 2.6 μm 的近红外区域观察到了 NiO 新的 A3Πi-X3Σ− 电子跃迁。该分子在空心阴极放电的发射中被激发,并使用傅立叶变换光谱仪观察光谱。观察到的频谱由 3Π0-3Σ1−、3Π1-3Σ0− 子带的 0-0 波段和 3Π1-3Σ0− 子带的 1-1 波段组成。未观察到涉及 3Π2 自旋分量的子带。已经确定了包括激发态 A3Πi 中的 Λ 倍增常数在内的分子常数。从该分析中获得的新激发态的主要常数为 T0 = 4337.5554(12) cm-1、A0 = -283.3713(16) cm-1 和 B0 = 0.494659(11) cm-1。
  • Park; Hauge; Margrave, High temperature science, 1988, vol. 25, # 1, p. 1 - 15
    作者:Park、Hauge、Margrave
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • TOYAMA, SIGEHKI;NAKAMURA, MASAAKI, KEHMIKARU EHNDZINIYARINGU, 33,(1988) N, S. 130-135
    作者:TOYAMA, SIGEHKI、NAKAMURA, MASAAKI
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • BON, CHARLES K.;KNOWLES, VERA M.
    作者:BON, CHARLES K.、KNOWLES, VERA M.
    DOI:——
    日期:——
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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