七氧化二锰 | 1344-43-0

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 碳化物及碳酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属有机体
• 中文名称: 七氧化二锰
• 中文别名: 氧化亚锰；氧化锰；一氧化锰；氧化锰(II)
• 英文名称: manganese monoxide
• 英文别名: Manganese(II) oxide；oxomanganese
• CAS: 1344-43-0；12057-92-0
• 化学式: MnO
• 分子量: 70.9374
• InChiKey: VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  5.9°C
• 沸点：
  decomposes at 55℃ [KIR81]
• 密度：
  2.400
• 溶解度：
  极易溶于H2O
• 物理描述：
  DryPowder; DryPowder, OtherSolid; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
• 颜色/状态：
  Green cubic crystals or powder
• 折光率：
  INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.16

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.12
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  17.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

代谢

锰主要通过摄入被吸收，但也可以通过吸入。它会在血浆中与α-2-巨球蛋白、白蛋白或转铁蛋白结合，并分布到大脑和所有其他哺乳动物组织，尽管它倾向于在肝脏、胰腺和肾脏中积累更多。锰能够存在于多种氧化状态，并且据信在体内会发生氧化状态的变化。锰的氧化状态可以影响组织的毒物动力学行为，也可能影响毒性。锰主要通过粪便排出体外。(L228)

Manganese is absorbed mainly via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese is capable of existing in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

锰是一种细胞毒素，能够损害运输系统、酶活性和受体功能。它主要针对中枢神经系统，尤其是基底神经节中的苍白球。人们认为锰离子Mn(II)增强了各种胞内儿茶酚胺的自动氧化或转换，导致自由基、活性氧物种和其他细胞毒素代谢产物的产生增加，同时细胞抗氧化防御机制的耗尽，导致氧化损伤和选择性破坏多巴胺能神经元。除了多巴胺，还认为锰会干扰其他神经递质，如GABA和谷氨酸。为了产生氧化损伤，锰必须首先克服抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶。Mn(II)的神经毒性还与其在生理条件下替代Ca(II)的能力有关。它可以通过钙单向转运体进入线粒体并抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化。它还可能抑制Ca(II)的外流，这可能导致线粒体膜完整性的丧失。Mn(II)已被证明能显著抑制线粒体顺乌头酸酶活性，改变氨基酸代谢和细胞铁稳态。

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

锰主要影响神经系统，可能导致行为改变和其他神经系统效应，包括动作可能变得缓慢和笨拙。这些症状足够严重时，被称为“锰中毒”。

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L228）；吸入（L228）

Oral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

锰主要影响神经系统，可能导致行为改变和其他神经系统效应，包括动作可能变得缓慢和笨拙。这些症状足够严重时，被称为“锰症”。(L228)

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

比较幼鼠摄入(54)氧化锰或(54)氯化锰后保留的锰的百分比，结果显示氧化锰呈现逆剂量依赖性，而氯化锰在25-500微克范围内相对剂量独立性。在100-500微克的范围内，氯化锰的保留量是氧化锰的12倍。

COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGE OF MANGANESE RETAINED BY INFANT RATS INGESTING (54)MANGANESE OXIDE OR (54)MANGANESE CHLORIDE SHOWED INVERSE DOSE DEPENDENCE FOR OXIDE AND RELATIVE DOSE INDEPENDENCE FOR CHLORIDE OVER RANGE 25-500 UG. 12 TIMES MORE CHLORIDE WAS RETAINED THAN OXIDE IN RANGE 100-500 UG.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

雄性ddY小鼠被分成五组，每组六只动物。第1组到第4组分别给予2克/千克体重的Mn/kg ... 饮食中的氯化锰、醋酸锰、碳酸锰或氧化锰，持续12个月，而第5组作为对照组。最后一次喂食后24小时，动物被斩首，迅速取出大脑进行研究不同区域（纹状体、下丘脑、中脑、大脑皮层、海马、小脑和延髓）。... 结果显示，暴露于几乎不溶的碳酸锰和氧化锰的小鼠大脑皮层锰含量高于对照组，而纹状体锰浓度与对照组相似。处理组小鼠的微粒体锰也高于对照组。/ A /纹状体的凝胶色谱图显示，20%的锰在高分子量部分，45%在中分子量部分，而32%在低分子量部分。高分子量部分的锰百分比（29%至49%）在锰处理组中高于对照组。氧化锰暴露组低分子量部分的锰百分比（9%）低于氯化锰、醋酸锰和碳酸锰暴露组（分别为42%、36%和38%）。

... Male ddY-mice were divided into five groups of six animals each, and Groups 1 to 4 were given 2 g Mn/kg ... chow in the form of manganese chloride, manganese acetate, manganese carbonate, or manganese oxide, in the diets for 12 months, while Group 5 served as control. Twenty four hours after the last feed, animals were decapitated and brains were rapidly removed for study of the different regions (corpus striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata). ... Results showed that cerebral cortex levels of manganese in mice exposed to the nearly insoluble manganese carbonate and manganese oxide were higher than in controls, while manganese concentrations in the corpus striatum were similar to those in controls. Microsomal manganese in treated mice was also higher than in controls. / A/ gel chromatographic profile of corpus striatum showed that 20% manganese was in the high molecular weight fractions, 45% was in the middle molecular weight fractions, while 32% was in the low molecular weight fractions. The percent manganese in high molecular weight fractions was higher (29% to 49%) in the manganese treated groups than in controls. The percentage of manganese in low molecular weight fractions of the manganese oxide exposed group (9%) was lower than in the manganese chloride, manganese acetate, and manganese carbonate exposed groups (42%, 36%, and 38%, respectively).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

猴子和大鼠暴露在由含甲基环戊二烯基三羰基锰（MMT）的汽油燃烧产生的Mn3O4气溶胶中，每天24小时，持续9个月。肾脏中的锰浓度在两种动物中都呈剂量依赖性增加，但肝脏浓度保持不变，无论暴露浓度如何。作者解释这些发现表明，锰的代谢和排泄主要在肝脏中通过稳态控制。

... Monkeys and rats /exposed/ to an aerosol of Mn3O4 produced by the combustion of gasoline containing methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) 24 hr/day for 9 months. The concentration of manganese in the kidneys increased in a dose-dependent manner in both species, but liver concentrations remained the same, regardless of exposure concentration. ... The authors interpreted these findings as indicating that manganese metabolism and excretion are homeostatically controlled, primarily in the liver /Mn3O4/.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

24只杂交的佛罗里达本地公羊羔，初始体重28公斤，被喂养了……以31毫克/千克干物质基础的锰为基础饮食，并补充了来自饲料级氧化锰或试剂级碳酸锰的0、500、1000、2000或4000毫克/千克的锰……持续84天……。随着饮食中锰含量的增加，肾脏、脾脏、心脏、骨骼肌、骨骼、血清（P小于0.01）和肝脏（P小于0.05）中的锰浓度增加。随着饮食中锰含量的增加，肾脏P降低（P小于0.05）；然而，没有其他组织矿物质受到影响。在相似的补充水平下，喂养饲料级氧化锰的绵羊在组织锰浓度上数值上高于喂养试剂级碳酸锰的绵羊，回归分析表明氧化锰补充的绵羊组织摄取率更高。

Twenty-four crossbred Florida native wether lambs, 28 kg initially, were /fed/ ... a basal diet (31 ppm manganese dry matter basis) supplemented with either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm manganese from feed grade manganese oxide or 2,000, 4,000 or 8,000 ppm manganese from reagent grade manganese carbonate... for 84 d ... . Manganese concentration in kidney, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, bone, serum (P less than .01) and liver (P less than .05) increased as dietary manganese increased. Kidney P was reduced (P less than .05) as dietary manganese increased; however, no other tissue minerals were affected. At comparable levels of supplementation, sheep fed feed-grade manganese oxide exhibited numerically greater tissue manganese concentration than did those fed reagent grade manganese carbonate and regression analysis indicated higher rates of tissue uptake in manganese oxide-supplemented sheep. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

给予小鼠三种不同形式的锰（MnCl2、Mn3O4或MMT）单次皮下注射后，测量了小鼠血液和大脑中的锰含量。在给予这些化合物后，血液和大脑中的锰浓度均有所增加。在大脑中达到的最高浓度是在给予可溶性MnCl2之后。

... The manganese content of the blood and brains of mice given single sc injections of three different forms of manganese, MnCl2, Mn3O4, or MMT, /were measured./ Increased manganese concentrations were observed in both the blood and brain after the administration of each of these compounds. The highest concentrations in the brain were achieved after administration of soluble MnCl2. /Mn3O4/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  1.1A
• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36
• 危险类别码：
  R21
• WGK Germany：
  3
• RTECS号：
  OP0900000
• 包装等级：
  Z01

制备方法与用途

概述

天然锰矿，即锰氧化物矿物作为天然的污染治理材料，其活性成分包括氧化锰、二氧化锰、三氧化二锰及七氧化二锰。这类矿物质通常以[MnO]八面体的形式存在，并可通过共棱或共角的方式相互连接形成隧道状或层状氧化锰结晶化合物，在特定条件下展现出强大的吸附和催化氧化作用。其对有毒有害物质的去除与降解主要基于以下几个方面：锰氧化物矿物一般为微米级或纳米级颗粒，具有孔道或层状结构，并在内外表面拥有较大的比表面积；锰氧化物矿物的吸附作用主要是通过矿物外表面的吸附和矿物结构的吸附实现。此外，由于锰在自然界中的氧化物或氢氧化物表现出较强的氧化还原能力，其氧化还原性受外界条件影响显著，并依赖于反应物质的氧化还原电位，包括表面氧化还原及结构中的氧化还原。

化学性质 七氧化二锰（Mn2O7）

• 化学式：
• 分子量：221.88
• 外观：暗红色、具有特殊臭味的油状物，具有吸湿性，在潮湿空气中分解并释放含臭氧的氧气。
• 稳定性：在无水条件下于-10℃低温下稳定；熔点为5.9℃，相对密度2.396。溶于冷水和硫酸，热水中分解，55℃时开始分解，并在95℃或真空下于10℃爆炸性反应。
• 制法：通过控制温度使高纯度的高锰酸钾与硫酸在干燥条件下进行反应而获得。

类别 爆炸物品 爆炸物危险特性

• 摩擦
• 震动
• 火花
• 冲击灵敏爆炸；与有机物混合时爆炸

可燃性危险特性

• 可燃
• 在火场中释放含锰的辛辣刺激烟雾

储运特性

• 库房低温、通风、干燥
• 防火
• 防震动，防摩擦，防冲击
• 与有机物分开存放

灭火剂

• 水
• 二氧化碳
• 干粉
• 泡沫

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  硫化氢 、 七氧化二锰 生成 manganese(II) sulfate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  KUREK, STEFAN S.;KRAMARZ, WANDA;WLODARCZYK, ANDRZEJ;ZAJECKI, JANUSZ, NAFTA, 45,(1989) N-9, C. 116-118

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Manganese nitrate 生成 七氧化二锰
  参考文献：
  名称：

  CAMCOHOB, O. A.;VORONOVA, M. I., IZV. VUZOV. XIMIYA I XIM. TEXNOL., 32,(1989) N1, S. 70-72

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• A new hypermetallic molecule LaOMn generated by laser ablation
  作者：Xue-feng Wang、Hai-jun Dang、Zhen-ning Gu、Qi-zong Qin

  DOI：10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01383-9

  日期：1999.2

  A new hypermetallic oxide LaOMn and its positive ion involving two heterometal atoms were observed and identified in the 532 Mm laser ablation of a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 target using both time-resolved quadrupole mass spectrometric and time-of-flight mass spectrometric techniques. The dependence of LaOMn+ yield on the laser fluence also confirmed the formation of the ionic hypermetallic species. Theoretical calculations were carried out to predict the stability and the geometric structures of these new molecules. The calculations suggest that the LaOMn and LaOMn+ molecules might be formed via secondary reactions of the neutral and ionic MnO with La or La+ in the laser ablated plasma. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Microwave spectrum of the MnO radical in the X 6Σ+ state
  作者：Kei-ichi Namiki、Shuji Saito

  DOI：10.1063/1.475176

  日期：1997.12.1

  The microwave spectrum of MnO in the Σ+6 ground electronic state was detected using a source-modulated submillimeter-wave spectrometer. The MnO radical was efficiently generated by dc sputtering of manganese flakes placed inside a hollow cathode in the presence of an oxygen and helium mixture. In total, 283 spectral lines were measured in the frequency region of 210–450 GHz for nine rotational transitions, each of which showed six fine structure line groups consisting of several hyperfine structure components due to the Mn55 nucleus (I=5/2). A least-squares analysis of the measured line frequencies resulted in the determination of rotational, fine, and hyperfine coupling constants including higher-order spin–orbit distortion terms for the spin–spin, spin–rotation interactions and the Fermi contact interaction of the Mn nucleus. The hyperfine coupling constants were used to assess plausible molecular orbital bonding models.
• DZHUSIPBEKOV, U. ZH.;MIGUTIN, G. V.;BARLYBAEV, M. R.;RAIMZHANOVA, M. M.;G+
  作者：DZHUSIPBEKOV, U. ZH.、MIGUTIN, G. V.、BARLYBAEV, M. R.、RAIMZHANOVA, M. M.、G+

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SIMOES, J. A. R.;MANTAS, P. Q.;BAPTISTA, J. L., SILICAT. IND., 55,(1990) N-6, C. 117-120
  作者：SIMOES, J. A. R.、MANTAS, P. Q.、BAPTISTA, J. L.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• TAKAXASI, NOBUESI;IMAKIXIRA, JOSIYUKI;SIMIDZU, NORISADA;KURIXARA, TOSIAKI+
  作者：TAKAXASI, NOBUESI、IMAKIXIRA, JOSIYUKI、SIMIDZU, NORISADA、KURIXARA, TOSIAKI+

  DOI：——

  日期：——