二硅烯 | 15435-77-5

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 各种混合金属/非金属
• 中文名称: 二硅烯
• 英文名称: disilene
• 英文别名: Silylidenesilane
• CAS: 15435-77-5
• 化学式: H₄Si₂
• 分子量: 60.2028
• InChiKey: IKQCSDAPCHQIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.83
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  二硅烯 生成 silylsilylene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  丁基和戊基亚甲硅烷基的分解动力学和热化学

  摘要：

  Reaction kinetics of alkylsilylenes (R = butyl, pentyl, and methylpentyl) and silacyclopropane intermediates produced by silylene additions to 1-butene, 1- and 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene are reported. Observations are consistent with a homogeneous, Barton2-type mechanism, which describes alkylsilylene isomerization and decomposition in terms of silacyclopropane (SCP) intermediates. Modeling studies on this basis conclude that SCP-forming and -opening reactions are at least an order of magnitude faster than SCP decompositions to olefins and SiH2. All reactions are pressure dependent at 400 Torr. Decomposition versus trapping comparative rate data at 410 Torr, based on butylsilylene- and pentylsilylene-trapping reactions with silane of 4.8 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 and 3.1 x 10(9) M-1 s-1, respectively, give limiting high-pressure Arrhenius parameters for the butyl- and pentylsilylene decompositions of log A infinity = 15.5 +/- 0.1, E infinity = 22.5 +/- 0.3 kcal. The activation energies are consistent with the decomposition reaction thermochemistries (DELTA-H(dec) = 26.6 +/- 3.4 kcal, DELTA-E(dec) = 25.3 +/- 3.4 kcal), and A factors indicate surprisingly loose transition states for both alkysilylene decompositions as well as their reverse silylene/olefin additions. A loose silylene/olefin addition complex is suggested for the transition state as the thermochemistry of decomposition precludes the intermediacy of biradicals. Generic high-pressure Arrhenius parameters (A, s-1: E, kcal) are deduced for silacyclopropane ring-opening (o), -closing (c), and -decomposition (d) reactions: log A(c) = 12.3, E(c) = 10.4; log A(o) = 14.0, E(o) = 14.7 + DELTA-E; log A(d) = 16.9, E(d) = 26.1 + DELTA-E, where DELTA-E = (49.6 - SCP strain energy). The low SCP ring-closing activation energy indicates zero ring strain development in the transition state and is consistent with a reanalysis of prior estimates of the activation energy of the SiH2 + CH4 strain free, C-H bond insertion reaction.

  DOI：

  10.1021/om00056a021
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  乙硅烷 在 F 作用下， 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 二硅烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Photoionization mass spectrometric studies of the transient species Si₂H_n (n=2–5)

  摘要：

  The transient species Si2H5, Si2H4, Si2H3, and Si2H2 have been prepared for the first time, by reactions of F atoms with Si2H6. The species are generated in situ and studied by photoionization mass spectrometry. The adiabatic ionization potentials are (in eV) Si2H5, 7.60±0.05; Si2H4, 8.09±0.03; Si2H3, <7.59; and Si2H2, 8.20+0.01−0.02. In addition, two fragment appearance potential curves were measured, Si2H+3 (Si2H5) and Si2H+2 (Si2H4). By combining these ionization potentials with appearance potentials obtained here and from Si2H6, the following heats of formation (kcal/mol at 0 K) have been inferred: Si2H5, <63.3 (59.2); Si2H4, 67.9±0.9; Si2H3 (∼96); Si2H2, <100.7 (90.2–95.6). The quantities in parentheses are probable values, but less well defined. Structures and structural changes resulting from photoionization are discussed. In particular, Si2H2 and its cation are very likely cyclic (doubly bridged). Heats of formation of cations are also obtained, from which the proton affinities of Si2H2 (199±3 kcal/mol) and Si2H4 (199.9 kcal/mol) are deduced. The structural and energetic differences between corresponding silicon and carbon hydrides are discussed in detail.

  DOI：

  10.1063/1.460947

文献信息

• Probing the Mechanism of Aldehyde Addition to a Disilene and Two Silenes: Solvent Effects
  作者：Julie A. Hardwick、Kim M. Baines

  DOI：10.1021/om900673n

  日期：2010.3.8

  The effect of changing the solvent from a hydrocarbon to acetonitrile on the mechanism of the addition of aldehydes to a disilene and two silenes was investigated. The products of the reaction between Mes2Si═CH(CH2-t-Bu) and acetonitrile were characterized.

  研究了将溶剂从碳氢化合物转变为乙腈对醛加成到二甲苯和两种硅烯上的机理的影响。ME之间的反应的产物2 Si═CH（CH 2 -吨-Bu）和乙腈进行了表征。
• Diagnostics of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of Si2H6 using vacuum ultraviolet photoionization
  作者：Kenichi Tonokura、Tetsuya Murasaki、Mitsuo Koshi

  DOI：10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00165-2

  日期：2000.3

  Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization at 10.2 eV was employed for the detection of gas-phase molecules formed after thermal decomposition of disilane at a total pressure of 30 Torr and in the temperature range of 298–740 K. The SinH2(n+1) (n=3–5) and SinH2n (n=2–5) species resulting from disilane pyrolysis in a flow reactor were directly observed using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Unlike multiphoton

  在10.2 eV的真空紫外（VUV）光电离被用于检测乙硅烷在30 Torr的总压力和298–740 K的温度范围内热分解后形成的气相分子。Si n H 2（n使用飞行时间质谱法直接观察到在流动反应器中乙硅烷热解产生的+1）（n = 3-5）和Si n H 2 n（n = 2-5）物质。与在6.4 eV光子下的多光子电离不同，在10.2 eV的VUV单光子电离没有观察到碎片。
• Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Mg: MVol.A3, 1.2, page 388 - 405
  作者：

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Shock-induced kinetics of the disilane decomposition and silylene reactions with trimethylsilane and butadiene
  作者：J. Dzarnoski、S. F. Rickborn、H. E. O'Neal、M. A. Ring

  DOI：10.1021/om00069a020

  日期：1982.9
• Wartenberg, H. v., Zeitschrift fur anorganische Chemie, 1913, vol. 79, p. 71 - 87
  作者：Wartenberg, H. v.

  DOI：——

  日期：——