Different from NAD(P)H regeneration approaches mediated by a single enzyme or a whole-cell microorganism, we demonstrate high-yield generation of NAD(P)H from a renewable biomass sugar—cellobiose through in vitro synthetic enzymaticpathways consisting of 12 purified enzymes and coenzymes. When the NAD(P)H generation system was coupled with its consumption reaction mediated by xylose reductase, the
A biomolecular system representing the first realization of associative memory based on enzymatic reactions in vitro has been designed. The system demonstrated “training” and “forgetting” features characteristic of memory in biological systems, but presently realized in simple biocatalytic cascades.