硒化银(I)

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 各种混合金属/非金属
• 中文名称: 硒化银(I)
• 中文别名: 硒化银
• 英文名称: selanylidenesilver;silver
• 化学式: Ag2Se
• 分子量: 294.71
• InChiKey: GNWCVDGUVZRYLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.39
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

硒可以通过吸入和摄入被吸收，一些硒化合物也可能通过皮肤吸收。一旦进入人体，硒主要分布到肝脏和肾脏。硒是一种必需的微量元素，是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碘甲状腺原氨酸5'-脱碘酶和硫氧还蛋白还原酶的组成部分。有机硒首先被代谢成无机硒。无机硒逐步还原成中间体氢硒化物，然后转化为硒磷酸和硒半胱氨酸tRNA并被整合到硒蛋白中，或者转化为硒化物的甲基化代谢物后随尿液排出。元素硒在排泄前也会被甲基化。硒主要通过尿液和粪便排出，但某些硒化合物也可能通过呼吸排出。银化合物也可以通过口服和皮肤吸收。它通过血液分布到全身，特别是肝脏。不溶的银盐转化为可溶的银硫化蛋白盐，与RNA、DNA和蛋白质中的氨基或羧基团结合，或者被抗坏血酸或多巴胺还原成金属银。金属银被氧化后可能会在组织中沉积，导致皮肤变蓝。银主要通过粪便排出。 请注意，这段文本包含许多专业术语，可能需要专业知识来完全理解。

Selenium may be absorbed through inhalation and ingestion, while some selenium compounds may also be absorbed dermally. Once in the body, selenium is distributed mainly to the liver and kidney. Selenium is an essential micronutrient and is a component of glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases, and thioredoxin reductase. Organic selenium is first metabolized into inorganic selenium. Inorganic selenium is reduced stepwise to the intermediate hydrogen selenide, which is either incorporated into selenoproteins after being transformed to selenophosphate and selenocysteinyl tRNA or excreted into the urine after being transformed into methylated metabolites of selenide. Elemental selenium is also methylated before excretion. Selenium is primarily eliminated in the urine and feces, but certain selenium compounds may also be exhaled. Silver compounds can also be absorbed orally and dermally. It distributes throughout the body in the blood, particularily to the liver. Insoluble silver salts are transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates, bind to amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins, or are reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. Silver is eliminated primarily in the faeces. (L808, L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

硒可以轻易地在生物分子中替代硫，并在许多生化反应中替代硫，特别是在硒的浓度高而硫的浓度低的情况下。通过影响线粒体和微粒体的电子传递，使细胞呼吸中氧化反应所需的巯基酶失活，这可能是急性硒中毒的一个原因。硒代甲硫氨酸（一种常见的有机硒化合物）似乎也可以随机地替代蛋白质合成中的甲硫氨酸。这种替代可能会影响蛋白质的结构和功能性，例如，通过改变二硫键。无机形式的硒似乎通过氧化还原催化与组织巯基反应，导致形成活性氧种并造成氧化应激损伤。金属银被氧化并可能在组织中沉积，导致银质沉着病。银离子已知可以抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活性，分别破坏硒催化的巯基氧化还原反应和细胞内离子浓度。银纳米粒子被认为会破坏线粒体呼吸链，导致氧化应激、减少ATP合成和DNA损伤。（L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L619）

Selenium readily substitutes for sulfur in biomolecules and in many biochemical reactions, especially when the concentration of selenium is high and the concentration of sulfur is low. Inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzymes necessary for oxidative reactions in cellular respiration, through effects on mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport, might contribute to acute selenium toxicity. Selenomethionine (a common organic selenium compound) also appears to randomly substitute for methionine in protein synthesis. This substitution may affect the structure and functionability of the protein, for example, by altering disulfide bridges. Inorganic forms of selenium appear to react with tissue thiols by redox catalysis, resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species and causing damage by oxidative stress. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 其对人类致癌性无法分类。

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期口服高浓度硒化合物可能会引发一种称为硒中毒的疾病。硒中毒的主要症状包括脱发、指甲变脆和神经系统异常（如在四肢感到麻木和其他奇怪的感觉）。动物研究显示，硒还可能影响精子生产和女性生殖周期。长期暴露在高水平的银中可能会导致一种称为银质沉着症的状况，这是一种皮肤和其他身体组织的蓝灰色色素沉着。银质沉着症是一种永久性效应，但似乎对健康无害。虽然银本身并不有毒，但大多数银盐都是有毒的，可能会损害肝脏、肾脏和中央神经系统，并且可能具有致癌性。

Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities). Animal studies have shown that selenium may also affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. (L808, L809, L810, L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L619）；吸入（L619）；皮肤给药（L619）

Oral (L619) ; inhalation (L619) ; dermal (L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

短期内口暴露于高浓度的硒可能会引起恶心、呕吐和腹泻。短暂接触空气中的元素硒或二氧化硒的高水平可能导致呼吸道刺激、支气管炎、呼吸困难以及胃痛。长期暴露于这些空气传播形式可能会导致呼吸道刺激、支气管痉挛和咳嗽。长期接触高水平的银可能会导致一种称为银质病（argyria）的状况，即皮肤和其他身体组织的蓝灰色色素沉着。银质病是一种永久性影响，但似乎对健康无害。空气中的高水平银接触已导致呼吸问题、肺和喉咙刺激以及胃痛。银的皮肤接触可能会在某些人中引起轻微的过敏反应，如皮疹、肿胀和炎症。(L808, L619)

Short-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808, L619)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  碘[三(三氟甲基)]锗烷 、 硒化银(I) 以85%的产率得到
  参考文献：
  名称：

  HAAS, ALOIS;KUTSCH, H. -JURGEN, CHEM. BER., 121,(1988) N 4, 803-804

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硫酸,铜(2+)盐,碱性的 生成 硒化银(I)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  CHEN, T. T.;DUTRIZAC, J. E., PRECIOUS METALS89, WARRENDALE (PA),(1988(1989)) C. 377-390

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• RAZAVIZADEH, HEKMAT;GEE, ROBERT, ERZMETALL, 42,(1989) N2, C. 560-565
  作者：RAZAVIZADEH, HEKMAT、GEE, ROBERT

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• XRISTOZOV D., GOD. IN-TA TSVET. MET. PLOVDIV, 22,(1984) 63-72
  作者：XRISTOZOV D.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• EUJEN, R.;LAUFS, F. E.;OBERHAMMER, H., Z. ANORG. UND ALLG. CHEM., 561,(1988) N 6, C. 82-98
  作者：EUJEN, R.、LAUFS, F. E.、OBERHAMMER, H.

  DOI：——

  日期：——