四硼酸钠

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱金属含氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 四硼酸钠
• 中文别名: 无水四硼酸钠；无水硼砂
• 英文名称: Disodium;2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,5-dibora-3,7-diboranuidabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 3,7-dioxide
• 英文别名: disodium;2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,5-dibora-3,7-diboranuidabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 3,7-dioxide
• 化学式: B4Na2O7
• 分子量: 201.2
• InChiKey: UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -10.24
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  92.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

没有报告代谢途径。

No metabolic pathways reported.

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；无机硼化合物/不可分类为人类致癌物。

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Borate compounds, Inorganic/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入，吞食，皮肤和/或眼睛接触

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 症状

眼睛、皮肤、上呼吸道刺激；皮炎；鼻出血；咳嗽，呼吸困难

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; dermatitis; epistaxis (nosebleed); cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 吸入症状

咳嗽。喉咙痛。呼吸困难。

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

硼酸能很好地从胃肠吸收，开放性伤口和浆膜腔，但在完整的皮肤上显示有限的吸收。在给小鼠进行腹腔注射后，在大脑中约1.0-1.5小时达到峰值浓度，而在其他组织中该值为0.5小时。

Boric acid is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, open wounds, and serous cavities but displays limited absorption in intact skin. Following intraperitoneal injection in mice, the peak concentration was reached in about 1.0-1.5 hr in the brain whereas the value was 0.5 hr in other tissues.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

无论给药途径如何，硼酸主要会以未改变的形式通过肾脏快速排泄超过90%的总给药量。少量硼酸也会通过汗液、唾液和粪便排出。作为软膏给药后，尿液中的硼酸排泄量仅占给药量的1%。

Regardless the route of administration, boric acid predominantly undergoes rapid renal excretion of >90% of total administered dose as unchanged form. Small amounts are also excreted into sweat, saliva, and feces. Following administration as ointment, urinary excretion of boric acid accounted for only 1% of the administered dose.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 分布容积

人体中的分布体积从0.17到0.5 L/kg不等，其中大量的硼酸集中在脑、肝和肾中。

Volume of distribution ranges from 0.17 to 0.5 L/kg in humans, where large amounts of boric acid are localized in brain, liver, and kidney.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 清除

硼酸急性中毒的病例报告，患者口服了21克硼酸后，血液透析前的总清除率为0.99升/小时。

A case report of acute boric acid poisoning following oral ingestion of 21 g of boric acid presents the total body clearance of 0.99 L/h before hemodialysis.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

硼在 rats 中的药代动力学通过给不同剂量的 rats (n=20) 口服 1 mL 的硼酸钠溶液进行研究，剂量从 0-0.4 mg/100 g bw 不等。硼给药后收集了 24 小时的尿液样本。24 小时后，该元素的平均尿回收率为 99.6-7.9。硼剂量与排泄之间的关系是线性的 (r=0.999)，回归系数为 0.954。这一结果提示硼的口服生物利用度 (F) 是完全的。另一组 rats (n=10) 给予单次口服/插管/ 2 mL 含有 0.4 mg 硼/100 g bw 的硼酸钠溶液。跟踪观察了硼在血清中的衰减，发现是单相的。数据根据一室开放模型进行了解释。估计了适当的药代动力学参数如下：吸收半衰期，t1/2a=0.608-0.432 小时；消除半衰期，t1/2=4.64-1.19 小时；分布容积，Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw；总清除率，Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw。给药后血清中硼的最大浓度 (Cmax) 为 2.13-0.270 mg/L，达到最大浓度所需的时间 (Tmax) 为 1.76-0.887 小时。结果表明，口服给药的硼酸能够从胃肠道快速且完全地被吸收进入血液。血管空间中的硼酸对血清蛋白没有强烈的亲和力，并且按血液流动比例快速扩散到血管外空间，而不会在组织中大量积累或结合。硼从体内排出的主要途径是通过肾小球滤过。可以推测，在低血浆水平下可能会有部分肾小管重吸收。

The pharmacokinetics of boron was studied in rats by administering a 1 mL oral dose of sodium tetraborate solution to several groups of rats (n=20) at eleven different dose levels ranging from 0-0.4 mg/100 g bw as boron. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected after boron administration. After 24 hr the average urinary recovery rate for this element was 99.6-7.9. The relationship between boron dose and excretion was linear (r=0.999) with a regression coefficient of 0.954. This result suggests that the oral bioavailability (F) of boron was complete. Another group of rats (n=10) was given a single oral /intubation/ of 2 mL of sodium tetraborate solution containing 0.4 mg of boron/100 g bw. The serum decay of boron was followed and found to be monophasic. The data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. The appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: absorption half-life, t1/2a=0.608-0.432 hr; elimination half-life, t1/2=4.64-1.19 hr; volume of distribution, Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw.; total clearance, Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw. The maximum boron concentration in serum after administration (Cmax) was 2.13-0.270 mg/L, and the time needed to reach this maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.76-0.887 hr. ...Results suggest that orally administered boric acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream. Boric acid in the intravascular space does not have a strong affinity to serum proteins, and rapidly diffuses to the extravascular space in proportion to blood flow without massive accumulation or binding in tissues. The main route of boron excretion from the body is via glomerular filtration. It may be inferred that there is partial tubular resorption at low plasma levels.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Dodecasodium;tetraborate 、 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 16.67h， 以to produce a glass disk of 1 mm thickness的产率得到四硼酸钠
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Glass compositions having fluorescence properties

  摘要：

  本发明涉及一种生产玻璃的方法，其中将一种氧化物混合与还原剂和提供杂质、给体-受体离子对的化合物组合。该离子对从三价铥加三价铈、三价铋加三价铕或三价铋加三价钐的组中选择。混合物经均质化后加热至约1100℃。热熔液被允许落在陶瓷表面上，并用第二个陶瓷表面压制以制成玻璃盘。当使用硼砂、磷酸盐和锗酸盐玻璃时，玻璃成分在150℃下干燥过夜，然后添加一定量的杂质离子，再进行均质化、加热和制盘。因此制成的玻璃能够在光谱的预定区域发射单色辐射，其中发射的辐射与单一杂质玻璃发射的辐射相比具有意外的高强度。

  公开号：

  US04128411A1