氧化镉 - CAS号 1306-19-0

物化性质

熔点：

900°C
沸点：

1385 °C
密度：

8.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
溶解度：

0.0021克/升
暴露限值：

a/nm
物理描述：

Cadmium oxide appears as brown crystals or brown amorphous powder. Used as an electroplating chemical and in the manufacture of cadmium electrodes. Is a component of silver alloys, phosphors, semiconductors, glass and ceramic glazes. Formerly used by veterinarians to kill worms and parasites. (EPA, 1998)
颜色/状态：

Brown cubic crystals
气味：

Odorless
蒸汽压力：

1 Pa at 770 °C (sublimes); 10 Pa at 866 °C (sublimes); 100 Pa at 983 °C (sublimes); 1 kPa at 1128 °C (sublimes); 10 kPa at 1314 °C (sublimes); 100 kPa at 1558 °C (sublimes)
分解：

900-1000 °C (amorphous)
折光率：

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.49 (LITHIUM)
稳定性/保质期：

1. 该物质与镁混合并加热时可能发生爆炸，且在高温下分解，释放有毒烟气。它还可能与硫、硒和锌发生反应，并与酸接触生成氢气。此外，它与氯酸盐、硝酸盐、高氯酸盐或高锰酸盐等大多数氧化剂组成的化合物具有极高的爆炸敏感性，在受热时会分解放出有毒气体。

计算性质

辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：

-0.12
重原子数：

2
可旋转键数：

0
环数：

0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：

0.0
拓扑面积：

17.1
氢给体数：

0
氢受体数：

1

ADMET

代谢

镉可以通过口腔、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收。镉最初与金属硫蛋白和清蛋白结合，并主要运输到肾脏和肝脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的量时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证实镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。镉不为人所知地经历任何直接的代谢转化，并以原形排出，主要在尿液中。

Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

毒性总结

镉最初与金属硫蛋白结合，并运输到肾脏。当镉的浓度超过可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经表明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有破坏性。肾脏中镉的积累导致重要低分子量和高分子量蛋白的排泄增加。镉是亲和力高的锌类似物，可以干扰其生物过程。它还与雌激素受体结合并激活它，可能刺激某些类型的癌细胞生长并引起其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。镉通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶引起细胞凋亡。(L8, A18, A19, A28)

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

致癌性证据

评估：有足够的人类证据表明镉及其化合物具有致癌性。有足够的实验动物证据表明镉化合物具有致癌性。对于镉金属的致癌性，实验动物中提供的证据有限。在做出整体评估时，工作组考虑到了证据，即离子镉会在包括人类细胞在内的各种真核细胞中引起遗传毒性效应。总体评估：镉及其化合物对人类具有致癌性（第1组）。/镉及其化合物/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of cadmium and cadmium compounds. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of cadmium compounds. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of cadmium metal. In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration the evidence that ionic cadmium causes genotoxic effects in a variety of types of eukaryotic cells, including human cells. Overall evaluation: Cadmium and cadmium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Cadmium and cadmium compounds/