硫化镉锌 | 11129-14-9

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属有机体
• 中文名称: 硫化镉锌
• 中文别名: 磺基化镉锌
• 英文名称: Cadmium zinc sulfide
• 英文别名: zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide
• CAS: 11129-14-9；63661-05-2；62865-26-3；12442-27-2
• 化学式: CdS2Zn
• 分子量: 241.9
• InChiKey: UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.01
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

锌和镉可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠系统进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收受到锌载体蛋白CRIP的控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌在体内广泛分布，存在于所有组织和组织液中，特别是在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中。在血液中，锌与红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，以及与血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。镉最初与金属硫蛋白和白蛋白结合，并主要运输到肾脏和肝脏。当镉的浓度超过可用的金属硫蛋白时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。镉不参与任何直接的代谢转化，并以原形主要通过尿液排出体外。(L6, L49)

Zinc and cadmium can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

缺铁性贫血是由于锌的过度吸收抑制了铜和铁的吸收，这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶结合的不平衡水平与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）有关。胃酸能溶解金属锌，生成腐蚀性的氯化锌，这可能会损伤胃粘膜。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。镉最初与金属硫蛋白结合，并运输到肾脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用的金属硫蛋白时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。肾脏中镉的积累导致重要的低分子量和高分子量蛋白的排泄增加。镉是锌的高亲和力类似物，能够干扰锌的生物过程。它还能与雌激素受体结合并激活它，可能会刺激某些类型癌细胞的生长，并导致其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。镉通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶引起细胞凋亡。

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28, L49, L49, A49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

慢性接触锌会导致贫血、共济失调、乏力，并降低体内良好胆固醇的水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损害。慢性接触镉烟雾会导致化学性肺炎、肺水肿以及如支气管炎和肺气肿等肺部疾病。镉还会在肾脏中积累，造成永久性损害。还会发生骨密度丢失。(L6, L49)

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Chronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. (L6, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L6）；吸入（L6）；皮肤（L6）

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

大量摄入锌会导致胃痉挛、恶心和呕吐。急性吸入大量锌会导致金属烟雾热，其特征是寒战、发热、头痛、乏力、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。锌与皮肤接触会导致皮肤刺激。急性吸入镉烟雾会导致金属烟雾热，其特征是寒战、发热、头痛、乏力、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。摄入镉会导致呕吐和腹泻。

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)