Gas-Phase Characterization by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Unhindered, Low-Coordinate Germanium Compounds: Germaimines, Germylenes, and Germaisonitriles1
摘要:
Low-coordinate, unhindered germanium compounds, germaimines, germylenes, and germaisonitriles, have been generated and characterized by the combination of flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of appropriately substituted germacyclopentenes and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UV-PES). These products have characteristic ionization potentials (IPs) at low energy consistent with their great kinetic instability and their high reactivity. The ionization potentials associated with the ejection of an electron from the pi(Ge-N) orbital for germaimines and the n(Ge) lone pair for germylenes are useful fingerprints of these compounds. At higher temperature these transient species lead to the formation of germaisonitriles that show two characteristic IPs associated with the pi(Ge-N) and the n(Ge) orbital ionizations. Characterization of these three unhindered species is supported by ab initio calculations of the geometrical and electronic structures by using the B3LYP density functional hybrid with LANL2DZ(d) and 6-311G(d) basis sets.