Abstractmagnified imageDeoxygenation of 1,2‐propanediol (1.0 M in sulfolane) catalyzed by bis(dicarbonyl)(μ‐hydrido)(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)ruthenium trifluoromethanesulfonate ({[Cp*Ru(CO)2]2(μ‐H)}+OTf−) (0.5 mol%) at 110 °C under hydrogen (750 psi) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf) (60 mM) gives n‐propanol as the major product, indicating high selectivity for deoxygenation of the internal hydroxy group over the terminal hydroxy group of the diol. The deoxygenation of 1,2‐propanediol is strongly influenced by the concentration of acid, giving faster rates and proceeding to higher conversions as the concentration of HOTf is increased. Propionaldehyde was observed as an intermediate, being formed through acid‐catalyzed dehydration of 1,2‐propanediol. This aldehyde is hydrogenated to n‐propanol through an ionic pathway involving protonation of the aldehyde, followed by hydride transfer from the neutral hydride, dicarbonyl(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)ruthenium hydride [Cp*Ru(CO)2H]. The proposed mechanism for the deoxygenation/hydrogenation reaction involves formation of a highly acidic dihydrogen complex [Cp*Ru(CO)2(η2‐H2)]+ OTf−.
Catalytic Ionic Hydrogenation of Ketones by {[Cp*Ru(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(μ-H)}<sup>+</sup>
作者:Paul J. Fagan、Mark H. Voges、R. Morris Bullock
DOI:10.1021/om901005k
日期:2010.2.22
[Cp*Ru(CO)(2)](2)(mu-H)}+OTf- functions as a homogenous catalyst precursor for hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols, with hydrogenations at 1 mol % catalyst loading at 90 degrees C under H-2 (820 psi) proceeding to completion and providing > 90% yields. Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate generates gamma-valerolactone, presumably by ring-closing of the initially formed alcohol with the methyl ester. Experiments in neat Et2C=O show that the catalyst loading can be <0.1 mol% and that at least 1200 turnovers of the catalyst can be obtained. These reactions are proposed to proceed by an ionic hydrogenation pathway, with the highly acidic dihydrogen complex [Cp*Ru(CO)(2)(eta(2)-H-2)](+) OTf- being formed under the reaction conditions from reaction of H-2 with [Cp*Ru(CO)(2)]2(mu-H)](+) OTf-