Influence of the solvent and R groups on the structure of (carboranyl)R2PI2 compounds in solution. Crystal structure of the first iodophosphonium salt incorporating the anion [7,8-nido-C2B9H10]−
作者:Rosario Núñez、Francesc Teixidor、Raikko Kivekäs、Reijo Sillanpää、Clara Viñas
DOI:10.1039/b716217k
日期:——
The influence of the electron-donor or electron-acceptor capacity of the R groups (R = iPr, Ph, Et) and the solvent on the molecular geometry in solution of adducts of carboranylphosphanes [(carboranyl)iPr2P, (carboranyl)Ph2P and (carboranyl)Et2P] with I2 in 1 : 1 ratios, has been studied in detail by 31P1H} and 11B1H} NMR spectroscopies. The more electron-accepting Ph groups make the (carboranyl)Ph2P less nucleophilic, thus stabilizing the I2 encapsulated neutral biscarboranylphosphaneâdiiodine adducts in solution, such as (carboranyl)Ph2Pâ¯IâIâ¯PPh2(carboranyl), generating Pâ¯IâIâ¯P motifs. Even in a polar solvent, such as EtOH, the arrangement is preserved. The expected basicity of these carboranylphosphanes is: (carboranyl)iPr2P > (carboranyl)Et2P > (carboranyl)Ph2P. Thus, the comparatively higher basicity of (carboranyl)Et2Pvs.(carboranyl)Ph2P facilitates a higher transfer of electron density to the I2Ï*, generating the ionic species, [(carboranyl)Et2PI]+Iâ, even in low polar solvents, such as CH2Cl2 and toluene, with no degradation of the cluster. However, in EtOH, the formation of the anionic [7,8-nido-C2B9H10]âcluster takes place by removal of one boron atom from the closocluster. The basicity of (carboranyl)iPr2P should be the highest, superior to (carboranyl)Et2P. This is observed in the reaction of these carboranylphosphanes with I2 in EtOH. Whereas the formation of P four-coordinated molecular âspokeâ charge-transfer complexes, (carboranyl)iPr2PâIâI, are suggested for (carboranyl)iPr2P in low polarity solvents, ionic species are formed in ethanolic solutions, which deboronate in a few days, faster than (carboranyl)Et2P, to yield the zwitterionic species. This is attributed to the higher basicity of (carboranyl)iPr2Pvs.(carboranyl)Et2P. The X-ray crystal structure of [7-PIiPr2-8-Ph-7,8-nido-C2B9H10], 2c, obtained from the reaction of 1-PiPr2-2-Ph-closo-1,2-closo-C2B10H10 with I2 in EtOH, confirms the formation of the zwitterion. These results prove that minor changes in the nature of the R substituents on the P atom in carboranylphosphanes, along with the solvent in which the reaction takes place, produce major alterations in the geometry of the (carboranyl)R2PâIâI species in solution, and in their possible further reactivity.
R组(R = iPr, Ph, Et)以及溶剂对羧基氢化膦类化合物[(carboranyl)iPr2P, (carboranyl)Ph2P 和 (carboranyl)Et2P]与 I2 以 1:1 比例形成的加合物在溶液中的分子几何形状的影响,已通过 31P1H} 和 11B1H} NMR 光谱法进行了详细研究。更具电子接受能力的 Ph 取代基使得 (carboranyl)Ph2P 的亲核性降低,从而在溶液中稳定了包裹 I2 的中性双羧基氢化膦-二
碘加合物,例如 (carboranyl)Ph2P⁻I–I⁻PPh2(carboranyl),生成 P⁻I–I⁻P 结构。即使在极性溶剂(如
乙醇)中,这一结构依然保持。预计这些羧基氢化膦的碱性顺序为: (carboranyl)iPr2P > (carboranyl)Et2P > (carboranyl)Ph2P。因此,相较于 (carboranyl)Ph2P,(carboranyl)Et2P 较高的碱性促进了电子密度向 I2 σ* 的转移,生成离子物种 [(carboranyl)Et2
PI]+I⁻,即使在低极性溶剂如
CH2Cl2 和
甲苯中,也不会导致簇的降解。然而,在
乙醇中,通过去除一个
硼原子,形成阴离子 [7,8-nido-C2
B9H10]⁻ 簇。(carboranyl)iPr2P 的碱性应该是最高的,优于 (carboranyl)Et2P。这在这些羧基氢化膦与 I2 在
乙醇中的反应中得到了验证。而在低极性溶剂中,建议 (carboranyl)iPr2P 形成四配位的分子“辐条”电荷转移复合物 (carboranyl)iPr2P–I–I,但在
乙醇溶液中形成离子物种,这些物种会在几天内去
硼,比 (carboranyl)Et2P 更快,生成双性离子。这归因于 (carboranyl)iPr2P 较高的碱性。通过与 I2 在
乙醇中反应获得的 [7-
PIiPr2-8-Ph-7,8-nido-C2
B9H10],2c 的 X 射线晶体结构确认了双性离子的形成。这些结果证明,羧基氢化膦中 P 原子上 R 替代基性质的微小变化,加上反应发生的溶剂,会对 (carboranyl)R2P–I–I 物种在溶液中的几何形状以及其可能的后续反应性产生重大影响。