Natriumferrocyanid

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属有机体
• 英文名称: Natriumferrocyanid
• 英文别名: tetrasodium;iron(2+);hexacyanide
• 化学式: C6FeN6Na4
• 分子量: 303.91
• InChiKey: GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -11.41
• 重原子数：
  17
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  143
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  12

ADMET

代谢

氰化物通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径迅速被吸收，并分布到全身。氰化物主要通过罗丹酶或3-巯基丙酸硫转移酶代谢成硫氰化物。氰化物的代谢物通过尿液排出。

Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

氰化物是电子传递链第四个复合体中细胞色素c氧化酶的抑制剂（存在于真核细胞线粒体膜中）。它与这种酶中的铁原子形成复合物。氰化物与这种细胞色素的结合阻止了电子从细胞色素c氧化酶传递到氧气。因此，电子传递链被中断，细胞无法再通过有氧呼吸产生ATP能量。主要依赖有氧呼吸的组织，如中枢神经系统和心脏，受到的影响尤为严重。氰化物也通过结合过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、变性血红蛋白、羟钴胺素、磷酸酶、酪氨酸酶、抗坏血酸氧化酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶产生一些毒性效应。氰化物与变性血红蛋白中的铁离子结合，形成无活性的氰变性血红蛋白。

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

短时间内接触高浓度的氰化物会损害大脑和心脏，甚至可能导致昏迷、癫痫、呼吸暂停、心脏骤停和死亡。长期吸入氰化物会引起呼吸困难、胸痛、呕吐、血象改变、头痛和甲状腺肿大。皮肤接触氰化物盐可能会刺激并产生溃疡。

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入（L96）；口服（L96）；皮肤（L96）

Inhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

氰化物中毒表现为呼吸急促、气短、全身无力、眩晕、头痛、天旋地转、混乱、抽搐/癫痫发作，最终导致失去意识。

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

迅速经尿液排出，似乎没有发生代谢改变。

RAPIDLY EXCRETED IN URINE, APPARENTLY WITHOUT METABOLIC ALTERATION.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

表征谱图