... CYANIDE ION IS CONJUGATED WITH SULFUR TO FORM THIOCYANATE. ... CONJUGATION IS CATALYZED BY ... RHODANESE WHICH IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN MOST ANIMAL TISSUES ... /LIVER/ PARTICULARLY ACTIVE. ... RHODANESE MECHANISM IS CAPABLE OF DETOXICATING ONLY LIMITED AMT OF CYANIDE, SUCH AS ARE FORMED DURING NORMAL METAB. /SRP: ANOTHER SULFUR DONOR IS 3-MERCAPTOPYRUVATE. THE ENZYME, MERCAPTOSULFUR TRANSFERASE IS LOCALIZED IN CYTOSOL./ THIOCYANATE CONJUGATION IS TRUE DETOXIFICATION REACTION WHICH IS ACCOMPANIED BY 200 FOLD REDUCTION OF TOXICITY. /CYANIDE/
/ONE OF/ THE MAJOR MECHANISM/S/ FOR REMOVING CYANIDE FROM THE BODY IS ITS ENZYMATIC CONVERSION, BY THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME RHODANESE (TRANSSULFURASE), TO THIOCYANATE, WHICH IS RELATIVELY ... /LESS TOXIC/. /CYANIDE/
Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. Silver compounds can also be absorbed orally and dermally. It distributes throughout the body in the blood, particularily to the liver. Insoluble silver salts are transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates, bind to amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins, or are reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. Silver is eliminated primarily in the faeces. (L808, L96)
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. (L808, L809, L810, L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808, L96, L97)
IN 30 DAYS, 72% OF (14)C FROM IP DOSE OF (14)C-CYANIDE TO MICE WAS EXCRETED IN URINE & FECES, 25% IN EXPIRED AIR, & 3% WAS RETAINED ... PEAK EXCRETION OCCURRED WITHIN 10 MIN IN EXPIRED AIR & WITHIN 6-24 HR IN URINE & FECES. /CYANIDE/
CYANIDE ION IS READILY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL OR PARENTERAL ADMIN. ... PART OF ABSORBED CYANIDE IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED BY THE LUNG. LARGER PORTIONS ... CONVERTED BY ... SULFURTRANSFERASE TO RELATIVELY NONTOXIC THIOCYANATE ION. /CYANIDE/
CYANIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM SKIN & ALL MUCOSAL SURFACES & ARE MOST DANGEROUS WHEN INHALED, BECAUSE TOXIC AMT ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED THROUGH BRONCHIAL MUCOSA & ALVEOLI. /CYANIDES/
Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. /Cyanide/
Low-dimensional compounds containing cyano groups. VI.
摘要：
The title compound, [Cu-2(C4H12N2)(2){Ag(CN)(2)}(4)(NH3)].2H(2)O or [Ag4Cu2(CN)(8)(C4H12N2)(2)(NH3)].2H(2)O, contains two crystallographically different Cu-II atoms lying on twofold axes. The first Cu atom is hexacoordinated in the form of an elongated tetragonal bipyramid and is part of a plane in which Cu atoms are connected by two bridging diaminobutane molecules [Cu-N=2.033 (4) Angstrom] and two dicyanoargentate anions [Cu-N=2.622 (6) Angstrom]. The ammine ligand stands perpendicular to this plane [Cu-N=2.011 (6) Angstrom] in a trans position to it. Another [Ag(CN)(2)](-) anion connects the hexacoordinated Cu atom [Cu-N=1.997 (8) Angstrom] with the second Cu atom [Cu-N=2.026 (7) Angstrom], which is pentacoordinated in the form of a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramid by two monodentate dicyanoargetate anions [Cu-N=2.040 (5) Angstrom]. The axial positions are occupied by two bridging diaminobutane molecules [Cu-N=2.011 (4) Angstrom] that connect the Cu atoms into chains parallel to the above plane. The water molecules remain uncoordinated and thus a unique combination of two-and one-dimensional structures is formed.
