precursors were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and HRMS. Both covalent anchoring and sol-gel methods were used for their immobilization. The homogeneous and immobilized catalysts were used for the transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid with formic acid to form hydroxyvaleric acid, which was readily dehydrated to yield gamma-valerolactone. The immobilized catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method
合成了两种三乙氧基甲
硅烷基丙氧基官能化的Shvo's催化剂前体,并通过IR,NMR和HRMS进行了表征。共价锚定法和溶胶-凝胶法均用于固定。均相且固定化的催化剂用于
乙酰丙酸与
甲酸的转移加氢以形成羟基
戊酸,该羟基
戊酸容易脱
水以产生
γ-戊内酯。通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的固定化催化剂显示出比共价接枝的催化剂更高的活性。热过滤测试表明固定化的Shvo催化剂没有浸出,为方便催化剂循环利用打开了大门。