Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Acids by an 18e Hydride Carbonylniobocene Complex
摘要:
The reaction of the niobocene complex [Nb(eta(5)-C5H4SiMe3)(2)(H)(CO)] (1) with alpha,beta-unsaturated acids, namely, fumaric and maleic acids, and methylfumarate ester yielded the corresponding carboxylato-containing niobocene derivatives [Nb(eta(5)-C5H4SiMe3)(2)(kappa(1)-O-OOC-CH2-CH2-R)(CO)] (R = COOH (2); R = COOMe (3)), resulting from the hydrogenation of the C=C bond and the consequent coordination of a carboxylato moiety on the Nb center. The process represents the first reported example of the hydrogenation of alpha,beta-unsaturated acids mediated by a hydride niobocene complex. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies at the DFT level have allowed for proposing a plausible reaction mechanism. Initial coordination of the C=C bond to the Nb center is followed by the insertion of this bond into the Nb-H bond, and the reaction is completed by a proton transfer from the carboxylic moiety to the alpha-carbon of the alkyl moiety, giving rise to the final kappa(1)-carboxylato ligand.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Acids by an 18e Hydride Carbonylniobocene Complex
摘要:
The reaction of the niobocene complex [Nb(eta(5)-C5H4SiMe3)(2)(H)(CO)] (1) with alpha,beta-unsaturated acids, namely, fumaric and maleic acids, and methylfumarate ester yielded the corresponding carboxylato-containing niobocene derivatives [Nb(eta(5)-C5H4SiMe3)(2)(kappa(1)-O-OOC-CH2-CH2-R)(CO)] (R = COOH (2); R = COOMe (3)), resulting from the hydrogenation of the C=C bond and the consequent coordination of a carboxylato moiety on the Nb center. The process represents the first reported example of the hydrogenation of alpha,beta-unsaturated acids mediated by a hydride niobocene complex. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies at the DFT level have allowed for proposing a plausible reaction mechanism. Initial coordination of the C=C bond to the Nb center is followed by the insertion of this bond into the Nb-H bond, and the reaction is completed by a proton transfer from the carboxylic moiety to the alpha-carbon of the alkyl moiety, giving rise to the final kappa(1)-carboxylato ligand.