Increasing the rate of hydrogen oxidation without increasing the overpotential: a bio-inspired iron molecular electrocatalyst with an outer coordination sphere proton relay
作者:Jonathan M. Darmon、Neeraj Kumar、Elliott B. Hulley、Charles J. Weiss、Simone Raugei、R. Morris Bullock、Monte L. Helm
DOI:10.1039/c5sc00398a
日期:——
H2 oxidation by a molecular electrocatalyst is dramatically improved by controlling proton movement from iron to the outer coordination sphere.
The reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide (NaCp) with pentafluoropyridine gives Na[4-(C5F4N)C5H4] ((CpNa)-Cp-PyF, 1) contaminated with starting NaCp from which pure 1 could be extracted with Et2O. Hydrolysis of 1 and subsequent crystallization gives pure Diels-Alder dimer 1,4-bis(tetrafluoro-4-pyridyl) tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]deca-3,8-diene (2). The reactions of 1 with FeCl2, [MnBr(CO)(5)], CoBr2, [Ni(NH3)(6)]Cl-2, [TiCl4(THF)(2)] and [CpTiCl3] cleanly affords the corresponding metallocenes [Fe(Cp-PyF)(2)] (3), [(Cp-PyF)-Mn(CO)(3)] (5), [Co(Cp-PyF)(2)] (6), [Ni(Cp-PyF)(2)] (8), [(Cp-PyF)(2)TiCl2] (9) and [(Cp-PyF)(Cp)TiCl2] (10), respectively. Tetrafluoro-4-pyridyl-substituted ferrocene 3 and [Fe(Cp-PyF)(Cp)] (4) can be alternatively prepared by the reaction of the respective lithioferrocenes with C5F5N in THF. Air-oxidation of complex 6 affords the corresponding cobaltocenium salt [Co(Cp-PyF)(2)]PF6 (7). All prepared compounds were characterized spectroscopically and by elemental analysis. The crystal structures of 3-7 were determined, revealing extensive arene pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking and C-H center dot center dot center dot F-C contacts. Electrochemical studies supported with the spectroscopic data of the prepared metallocene complexes evidenced strong electron-withdrawing nature of the tetrafluoro-4-pyridyl substituent. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cobalt Complexes Containing Pendant Amines in the Second Coordination Sphere as Electrocatalysts for H<sub>2</sub> Production
作者:Ming Fang、Eric S. Wiedner、William G. Dougherty、W. Scott Kassel、Tianbiao Liu、Daniel L. DuBois、R. Morris Bullock
DOI:10.1021/om5004607
日期:2014.10.27
A series of heteroleptic 17e cobalt complexes, [CpCoII((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](BF4), [(CpCoII)-Co-C6F5((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](BF4), and [(CpCoII)-Co-C5F4N((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](BF4) (where (P2N2Ph)-N-tBu = 1,5-diphenyl-3,7-di-tert-butyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, Cp-C6F5 = C5H4(C6F5), and Cp-C5F4N = C5H4(C5F4N)) were synthesized, and the structures of all three were determined by X-ray crystallography. Electrochemical studies showed that the Co-III/II couple of [CpC5F4NCoII((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](+) appears 250 mV positive of the Co-III/II couple of [CpCoII((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](+) as a result of the strongly electron withdrawing perfluoropyridyl substituent on the Cp ring. Reduction of these paramagnetic Co-II complexes by KC8 led to the diamagnetic 18e complexes CpCoI((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu), (CpCoI)-Co-C6F5(PtBu2N2Ph), and (CpCoI)-Co-C5F4N(PtBu2N2Ph), which were also characterized by crystallography. Protonation of these neutral Co-I complexes led to the CoIII hydrides [CpCoIII((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)H](BF4), [(CpCoIII)-Co-C6F5((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)H](BF4), and [(CpCoIII)-Co-C5F4N(PtBu2N2Ph)H](BF4), and crystal structures of each of these cobalt hydrides were determined. The cobalt complex with the most electron withdrawing Cp ligand, [(CpCoII)-Co-C5F4N((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)](+), is an electrocatalyst for production of H-2 using [p-MeOC6H4NH3][BF4] (pKa(MeCN) = 11.86), with a turnover frequency of 350 s1 and an overpotential of 0.86 V at E-cat/2. A pKa value of 15.6 was measured in CH3CN for [(CpCoIII)-Co-C5F4N((P2N2Ph)-N-tBu)H], which was used in conjunction with electrochemical measurements to obtain thermodynamic data for cleavage of the CoH bond.