多糖
凡能水解成多个单糖分子或其衍生物的糖为多糖。它是由二十个至数万个单糖分子缩合、脱水而成的大分子化合物。多糖可以由一种单糖组成，如淀粉、纤维素等称为同聚多糖；也可以由不同单糖或其衍生物缩合而成，例如半纤维素，则被称为杂聚多糖。
自然界中，植物、动物和微生物都含有丰富的多糖。除了以游离形式存在外，多糖也常与蛋白质结合形成复合物。植物多糖的共同特点是天然性、保健价值及独特的水溶性胶体特性，这赋予食品较高的营养价值、稳定的组织结构以及优良的外观和口感，并延长了其货架期。
天然植物多糖对人体更为安全，吸收率更高。例如魔芋中的葡甘聚糖，这是一种极好的水溶性膳食纤维，具有饱腹感、降血脂、降血糖及通便等保健功能。尽管植物多糖本身不提供热量，但它对高热量、高脂肪和高蛋白的饮食结构有平衡营养的作用。
因此，亲水性的植物多糖常被称为植物胶，它们能够为食品生产加工提供增稠剂、凝胶剂、成膜剂及乳化剂等多种稳定剂。有效开发和利用植物多糖将有助于提升人类的生活质量、改善健康水平，并丰富食物资源，从而创造更多的经济价值。
淀粉是储存在植物体内的多糖，由直链淀粉和支链淀粉两种成分构成。在淀粉颗粒中，直链淀粉占比20～28%，其余为支链淀粉。直链淀粉由约250至300个D-葡萄糖分子通过α 1,4糖苷键连接而成，并卷曲成螺旋结构，具有一个非还原性末端和一个还原性末端，其分子量差异很大，从数千到150,000不等。直链淀粉遇碘呈蓝色反应，这是由于螺旋内部为分子碘占据所致。
支链淀粉由24至30个D-葡萄糖分子通过α 1,4和α 1,6糖苷键连接而成，形成类似灌木丛的结构。动物消化道中的α淀粉酶（存在于唾液及胰液中）可以随机作用于α 1,4糖苷键，将直链淀粉水解成麦芽糖和葡萄糖；植物中的β淀粉酶则在直链淀粉非还原性末端起作用，生成麦芽糖。支链淀粉同样可被α和β淀粉酶作用，但靠近分枝点的α 1,4和α 1,6糖苷键不被这些酶水解，在α淀粉酶及1,6葡萄糖苷酶共同作用下，支链淀粉完全水解为葡萄糖和麦芽糖。
琼脂糖是琼脂的重要组成部分，由D-半乳糖与3,6脱水半乳糖构成的单位重复缩合而成。琼脂糖在沸水中大量溶解，但当温度降至40℃以下时则成不溶性凝胶。这种琼脂糖凝胶常用作层析的支持体，通过氢键将半乳多糖链交联形成，因此在过于酸碱环境中不稳定。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C140H228N10O102 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Kdn(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C100H165N5O74 |
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| —— | NeuGc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuGc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C134H218N10O100 |
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| —— | Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc | —— | C82H137N5O61 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)GalNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C117H191N9O85 |
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| —— | Fuc(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-4)Man(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-4)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C74H124N4O54 |
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| —— | (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C134H218N10O98 |
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| —— | (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C109H178N8O80 |
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| —— | (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-2,4,6-trihydroxy-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C140H230N10O102 |
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| —— | Fuc(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)[NeuGc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C99H164N6O73 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C104H173N7O76 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-1,2,4,6-tetrahydroxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C102H172N6O74 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C72H121N3O53 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)GalNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C142H231N11O103 |
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| —— | NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Kdn(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Kdn(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C105H172N6O81 |
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| —— | Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C82H137N5O61 |
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| —— | (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C96H158N6O71 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C81H134N6O59 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)]GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]b-Man | —— | C93H152N6O70 |
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| —— | N-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-2,4,6-trihydroxy-1-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C88H149N5O64 |
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| —— | Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)DDManHep(a1-6)Glc(b1-4)[LDManHep(a1-3)]LDManHep(a1-5)a-Kdo | —— | C111H185N5O86 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc | —— | C115H188N8O84 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C109H178N8O80 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc | —— | C134H218N10O98 |
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| —— | NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)[NeuGc(a2-6)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc | —— | C95H155N7O73 |
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| —— | Glc(b1-6)GalN(a1-6)Gal(a1-4)[Glc(b1-3)]GalN(a1-3)QuiN(b1-3)[DDManHep(a1-7)LDManHep(a1-7)][Glc(b1-2)]LDManHep(a1-3)[Glc(b1-4)]LDManHep(a1-5)[Kdo(a2-4)]Kdo(a2-6)GlcN4P(b1-6)a-GlcN | —— | C104H180N5O86P |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc | —— | C109H178N8O80 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-2,4,6-trihydroxy-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C96H162N6O70 |
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| —— | Glc(a1-3)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C68H115NO56 |
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| —— | Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C188H312N10O141 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C79H131N5O59 |
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| —— | GalNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C78H130N6O56 |
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| —— | NeuGc(a2-8)NeuGc(a2-8)NeuGc(a2-8)NeuGc(a2-8)NeuGc(a2-8)NeuGc(a2-6)[Fuc(a1-3)GalNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Gal(b1-3)]a-GalNAc | —— | C100H160N8O79 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-bis[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C110H183N7O80 |
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| —— | Man(a1-3)Man(a1-3)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)[Man(a1-3)Man(b1-2)Man(a1-2)]Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)[Man(a1-3)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C92H155NO76 |
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| —— | (2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-1,2,4,6-tetrahydroxyhexan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C98H163N7O72 |
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| —— | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C90H150N6O66 |
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| —— | (2R,3R,4S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxyhexoxy]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-carboxy-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-[(1S)-1-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-[(1S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid | —— | C86H142N4O66 |
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| —— | 2-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-acetamido-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexoxy]amino]ethyl 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphate | —— | C81H141N6O61P |
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| —— | Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)[NeuGc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C115H190N8O85 |
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| —— | Fuc(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)[Kdn(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C97H161N5O72 |
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| —— | (2R,3R,4S)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-2-[(1R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-6-carboxy-4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-[(1S)-1-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid | —— | C82H139N4O69P |
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| —— | Kdn(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Kdn(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Kdn(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)b-GlcNAc | —— | C103H169N5O80 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc | —— | C140H228N10O102 |
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| —— | Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)][GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc | —— | C130H216N8O96 |
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| —— | Kdn(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Kdn(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]b-GlcNAc | —— | C86H142N4O66 |
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| —— | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal3S(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-3)[GalNAc(b1-4)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc | —— | C137H224N10O102S |
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| —— | (2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C95H155N7O73 |
|
| —— | (2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C109H178N8O80 |
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| —— | Hept(?1-2)Hept(?1-2)Hept(?1-2)Hept(?1-6)GlcN(a1-4)GalA(a1-3)[Hept(?1-7)]Hept(?1-3)[GalA(b1-6)Glc(b1-4)]Hept(?1-5)[Kdo(a2-4)Kdo(a2-4)]Kdo(a2-6)GlcN4P(b1-6)a-GlcN | —— | C109H182N3O96P |
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