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有机金属类化合物

有机金属类化合物是指含有碳-金属键的化合物,这类化合物在有机合成化学和无机化学中都扮演着重要角色。这些化合物由有机配体(如烷基、芳基、卤素等)与金属中心构成,能够表现出独特的物理化学性质,并且具有广泛的应用领域。

  1. 定义:有机金属类化合物是通过碳-金属键连接的复合物,其中金属原子被一个或多个有机基团所包围。这类化合物包括但不限于铝醇合物、硼氢化物和格氏试剂等。

  2. 分类

    • 格氏试剂(R-Mg-X):以烷基或芳基锂为代表的一类化合物,在合成化学中用于与各种卤代烃反应,实现碳-碳键的形成。
    • 铝醇合物(R-Al-O-R’):铝和有机基团形成的复合物,可用作催化剂或引发剂。
  3. 应用领域

    • 合成化学:格氏试剂是重要的有机合成工具之一,在生成醇、酮以及其他复杂有机分子中发挥关键作用。
    • 催化反应:有机金属化合物在聚合反应、氢化和碳-卤键断裂等领域中作为高效催化剂使用,如Ziegler-Natta催化剂用于聚乙烯生产。
    • 电池材料:某些特定的锂或镁基有机金属化合物可以作为下一代可充电电池的潜在活性材料。
  4. 研究进展

    • 新型配体的设计和合成:不断探索能够提高催化效率及选择性的新型有机配体。
    • 环境友好型催化剂开发:发展基于绿色化学原则的有机金属催化剂,减少有害副产品的产生。
  5. 挑战与机遇

    • 安全性问题:处理含有活泼金属中心的化合物时需要特别注意避免火灾和爆炸的风险。
    • 产业化应用:如何提高这类化合物在大规模生产中的稳定性和重复使用性能仍是当前研究的一大重点。

总之,有机金属类化合物以其独特的性质及其广泛的应用前景,在化学领域内占据着重要位置。随着技术的进步和新理论的发展,未来的研究将带来更多创新性的发现和突破。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Carbon monoxide;iron;1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane 35344-11-7 C24H40Fe2O4
Carbon monoxide;iron;1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane
—— Chloronickel;cyclopentane;triphenylphosphane 31904-79-7 C23H25ClNiP
Chloronickel;cyclopentane;triphenylphosphane
—— Butylcyclopentane;cyclopentane;iron 31904-29-7 C14H28Fe
Butylcyclopentane;cyclopentane;iron
—— Europium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14284-86-7 C15H24EuO6
Europium;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
—— (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphanyl]ethyl]-phenylphosphane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate 71423-54-6 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
(5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;(S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphanyl]ethyl]-phenylphosphane;rhodium;tetrafluoroborate
—— Cyclooctadiene iridium chloride dimer 12112-67-3 C16H24Cl2Ir2-2
Cyclooctadiene iridium chloride dimer
—— (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;ruthenium(2+) 12289-94-0 C16H26Ru
(5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;ruthenium(2+)
—— Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene) Rhodium(1) tetrafluoroborate 32679-02-0 C12H18BF4N2Rh-
Bis(acetonitrile)(1,5-cyclooctadiene) Rhodium(1) tetrafluoroborate
—— 1-Butanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1) 25063-27-8 C16H36GeO4
1-Butanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1)
—— Carbon monoxide;cyclopentane;manganese —— C8H10MnO3
Carbon monoxide;cyclopentane;manganese
—— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium 18911-76-7 C15H6F18O6Y
1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;yttrium
—— Dipotassium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate 921-53-9 C4H4K2O6
Dipotassium;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
—— (Octadec-9-enyl acetoacetato-O1',O3)dipropan-2-olatoaluminium 80481-35-2 C28H53AlO5
(Octadec-9-enyl acetoacetato-O1',O3)dipropan-2-olatoaluminium
—— Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)lead 14221-01-3 C72H60P4Pb
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)lead
—— cyclopentane;1-cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iron 1271-86-9 C13H27FeN
cyclopentane;1-cyclopentyl-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iron
—— Bis[(1,2,3,4,5-I.)-1-butyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]dichlorozirconium 73364-10-0 C18H36Cl2Zr
Bis[(1,2,3,4,5-I.)-1-butyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]dichlorozirconium
—— 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+) 64916-48-9 C10H2F12O4Pd
1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+)
—— Neodymium(3+) tris((2Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-EN-2-olate) 37473-67-9 C15H12F9NdO6
Neodymium(3+) tris((2Z)-5,5,5-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-EN-2-olate)
—— Magnesium;1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 53633-79-7 C10H8F6MgO4
Magnesium;1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
—— Tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III) 17786-67-3 C15H3F18FeO6
Tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(III)
—— Zinc cyclohexanebutyrate dihydrate 38582-18-2 C20H38O6Zn
Zinc cyclohexanebutyrate dihydrate
—— Phenolphthalein disulfate tripotassium salt trihydrate 62625-16-5 C20H19K3O14S2
Phenolphthalein disulfate tripotassium salt trihydrate
—— Cycloocta-1,5-diene;iridium;methyl(diphenyl)phosphane;hexafluorophosphate 38465-86-0 C34H38F6IrP3-
Cycloocta-1,5-diene;iridium;methyl(diphenyl)phosphane;hexafluorophosphate
—— Dilithium;2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19(39),20,22,24,26,28,30(37),31,33,35-nonadecaene 25510-41-2 C32H16Li2N8
Dilithium;2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19(39),20,22,24,26,28,30(37),31,33,35-nonadecaene
—— 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II) 28903-71-1 C48H36CoN4O4
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II)
—— Cycloocta-1,5-diene; iridium; tetrafluoroborate 35138-23-9 C16H24BF4Ir-
Cycloocta-1,5-diene; iridium; tetrafluoroborate
—— (2-Methoxyphenyl)({2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl})phenylphosphane 1,5-cyclooctadiene rhodium tetrafluoroborate 56977-92-5 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
(2-Methoxyphenyl)({2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl})phenylphosphane 1,5-cyclooctadiene rhodium tetrafluoroborate
—— Pentakis(butan-1-ol) tantalum 51094-78-1 C20H50O5Ta
Pentakis(butan-1-ol) tantalum
—— 2-methylpropan-2-ol;zirconium 2081-12-1 C16H40O4Zr
2-methylpropan-2-ol;zirconium
—— 1777807-64-3 C24H14N2O6S2
—— Einecs 261-892-7 59733-73-2 C20H24Fe2Na4O14+4
Einecs 261-892-7
—— (OC-6-11)-Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-I masculineO3,I masculineO5)gadolinium 14768-15-1 C33H57GdO6
(OC-6-11)-Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-I masculineO3,I masculineO5)gadolinium
—— Lithium acetate dihydrate 6108-17-4 C2H7LiO4
Lithium acetate dihydrate
—— [(1R,2R)-2-azanidyl-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(2+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene 1026995-71-0 C30H27ClF5N2O2RuS
[(1R,2R)-2-azanidyl-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(2+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene
—— Cyclopentane;nickel 1271-28-9 C10H20Ni
Cyclopentane;nickel
—— N-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]furan-2-carboxamide 5674-01-1 C22H18N2O4S
N-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]furan-2-carboxamide
—— Phthalocyanine tin(IV) dichloride 18253-54-8 C32H18Cl2N8Sn
Phthalocyanine tin(IV) dichloride
—— 5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;ytterbium 15492-52-1 C33H60O6Yb
5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;ytterbium
—— Molybdenum(II) acetate dimer 14221-06-8 C8H16Mo2O8
Molybdenum(II) acetate dimer
—— cobalt;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one —— C22H40CoO4
cobalt;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one
—— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium 3153-26-2 C10H16O5V
4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium
—— cobalt;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 21679-46-9 C15H24CoO6
cobalt;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
—— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium 15635-87-7 C15H24IrO6
4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium
—— Europium;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one 15522-71-1 C33H60EuO6
Europium;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one
—— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum 15170-57-7 C10H16O4Pt
4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum
—— Chromium;5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14592-89-3 C15H15CrF9O6
Chromium;5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
—— Copper(II)trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate 14324-82-4 C10H10CuF6O4
Copper(II)trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate
—— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese 14024-58-9 C10H16MnO4
4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese
—— Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) Cu(II) 14040-05-2 C22H40CuO4
Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) Cu(II)
—— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese 14284-89-0 C15H24MnO6
4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese