Formal transfers of hydride from carbon-hydrogen bonds. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of [Cp(CO)2FeCH2]3CH
作者:Michio. Kobayashi、James D. Wuest
DOI:10.1021/om00114a018
日期:1989.12.1
Experimental and Computational Characterization of the Transition State for C–X Bimetallic Oxidative Addition at a Cu–Fe Reaction Center
作者:Malkanthi K. Karunananda、Sean R. Parmelee、Greyson W. Waldhart、Neal P. Mankad
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00476
日期:2015.8.10
The heterobimetallic complex (IPr)Cu-Fp (IPr = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene, Fp = FeCp(CO)(2)) was identified previously as a nonprecious metal catalyst for C-H borylation. To better understand the nature of the bimetallic reaction pathways operative in this system, we have conducted a thorough mechanistic study of alkyl halide activation by the Cu-Fe heterobimetallic reaction center. Use of cyclopropylmethyl halide substrates as radical docks established that alkyl halide activation occurs by a two-electron mechanism for alkyl bromides and chlorides but not iodides. Eyring analysis of the activation of benzyl chloride allowed for experimental determination of activation parameters, including a large and negative entropy of activation (Delta S double dagger = -36 eu). A Hammett study with para-substituted benzyl chlorides revealed a reaction constant of rho = 1.6, indicating accumulation of negative charge in the transition state on the alkyl halide carbon. The Ru analogue, (IPr)Cu-Rp (Bp = RuCp(CO)(2)), was found to react approximately 17-25 times more slowly with selected benzyl chlorides than (IPr)Cu-Fp, indicating that the relative nucleophilicities of the free metal carbonyl anions are predictive of the relative reactivities of their heterobimetallic counterparts. Synthesis and characterization of the new Ag and Au analogues, (IPr)Ag-Fp and (IPr)Au-Fp, are reported along with the observation that these more covalent congeners are significantly less reactive toward alkyl halides. DFT calculations were used to model a transition state for the Cu-Fe reaction, which was identified as stereoinvertive at the alkyl halide carbon. NBO calculations indicate crucial roles played by the CO ligands within the Fp group: they both act as redox noninnocent ligands and also provide structural templating to stabilize the transition state as the metal metal bond breaks.
Leung, Tak Wai; Christoph, Gary G.; Gallucci, Judith, Organometallics, 1986, vol. 5, # 5, p. 846 - 853
作者:Leung, Tak Wai、Christoph, Gary G.、Gallucci, Judith、Wojcicki, Andrew