Electronic property of Group IV phthalocyanine dimers: SiPcMPc
摘要:
A series of Group IV phthalocyanine (Pc) dimers, (n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOSiPcOSi(n-C(6)H(13))(3) (SiPcSiPc),(n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOGePcOSi(n-C(6)H(13))(3)(SiPcGePc), and (n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOSnPcOH (SiPcSnPc), was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculation. Two oxidations and two reductions were observed for (n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOSiPcOSi(n-C(6)H(13))(3) and (n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOGePcOSi(n-C(6)H(13))(3), while there were two oxidations and three reductions for (n-C(6)H(13))(3)SiOSiPcOSnPcOH. The Pc with a bigger size of the central metal in one part of the dimeric compound is more difficult to be oxidized but it is easier to be reduced at the same time: i.e., both oxidation and reduction potentials showed a positive shift with the increase of the size of the central metal atom. Density functional theory was used to optimize the structures of the Pc dimers and to understand the electrochemical properties. The optimized structures of HOSiPcOSiPcOH, HOSiPcOGePcOH and HOSiPcOSnPcOH as model compounds for SiPcSnPc, SiPcGePc, SiPcSiPc, respectively, show that all the Pc dimers are staggered, the plane-to-plane distances are 3.394, 3.538 and 3.722 angstrom, respectively. Tin generates a saddle-type structure of phthalocyanine, but silicon or germanium does not greatly distort the ring structure, and yields a planar ring structure. A large plane-to-plane distance and a high degree of plane distortion yield a red-shift of Q-band, a low ring current, high oxidation and low reduction potentials and high ionization energies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and Excited State Dynamics of μ-Oxo Group IV Metal Phthalocyanine Dimers: A Laser Photoexcitation Study
作者:Anna Paola Pelliccioli、Kevin Henbest、Gwanghoon Kwag、Terri R. Carvagno、Malcolm E. Kenney、Michael A. J. Rodgers
DOI:10.1021/jp003599y
日期:2001.3.1
The synthesis of two metal phthalocyanine monomers, GePc[OSi(n-C6H13)(3)](2) and SnPc[OSi(n-C6H13)(3)](2), and two mu -oxo-bridged dimers, (n-C6H13)(3)SiOSiPcOGePcOSi(n-C6H13)(3) and (n-C6H13)(3)SiOSiPcOSnPcOH, are described. The ground-state absorption spectra and excited-state dynamics of these compounds together with those of (n-C6H13)(3)SiOSiPcOSiPcOSi(n-C6H13)(3) have been measured. The absorption spectra of the dimers are blue shifted with respect to the monomers and whereas the latter exhibit a strong fluorescence in the visible, the dimers show only a weak emission in the near-IR. These-observations are characteristic for the presence of exciton interactions in all three dimers, as had been reported earlier for the Si-O-Si dimer. Subnanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments on all five compounds yielded triplet-triplet absorption spectra, triplet lifetimes, triplet quantum yields, and bimolecular rate constants for quenching of the triplet states by O-2. The triplet quantum yields and lifetime for the monomers and the dimers were fairly similar. The oxygen quenching rate constants indicate a diffusion-controlled energy transfer process for the monomers; but in the case of the dimers, these rate constants are up to 2 orders of magnitude less. Singlet oxygen quantum yields were measured. These are close to the triplet yields for the monomers, but markedly less for the dimers. These results were interpreted as resulting from reversible energy transfer in the dimers in competition with quenching to the ground-state surface. Reversible energy transfer with molecular oxygen occurs because the dimer triplet energies are significantly lower than those of the monomers, probably because of charge resonance interactions between the closely lying pi -planes. The reversible energy transfer kinetics allow estimation of the triplet energies which are 1-2 kcal mol(-1) lower than the energy gap in oxygen (22.5 kcal mol(-1)). Ultrafast pump-probe spectrometry measurements were used to investigate the early dynamic events in the dimers. Tt has been determined that the rate constant for intersystem crossing between the dimer lower exciton state and the triplet state was near 10(-10) s, varying somewhat with central metal. Experiments at high time resolution indicated that the lower exciton state is formed initially in a torsionally excited state, the cooling of which has a lifetime of about 10 ps.