对皮肤无刺激作用,但对眼睛有轻微的刺激作用。动物实验结果显示,该物质不会导致畸形、癌症或基因突变。
恶喹酸又名氧环噁喹酸、奥基索林酸、奥林酸。它是第二代喹啉酮类杀菌剂,在常温下为白色或带黄白色的柱状结晶或结晶性粉末,无臭无味。对革兰氏阴性菌和一部分阳性菌有较强的抗菌效力,并且与抗生素没有交叉耐药性,但对真菌与结核杆菌无效。它的优点是用量低、抑菌效果好。主要用于治疗鱼、虾的细菌性疾病,被认为是水产动物疾病较为理想的药物之一,尤其在防治鳗弧菌和嗜水气单胞杆菌等鱼类病原菌方面具有显著效果。
日本和台湾的使用情况
恶喹酸在日本和台湾广泛应用于鳗鱼和其他水产动物。不过,在海水养殖中,pH值对其有轻微影响,碱性环境下需增加用药剂量。该药物在25天前必须停止使用,否则残留量可能超标。日本市场禁止进口含有恶喹酸的产品,而台湾地区规定了其在鱼类、虾类、鸡蛋等十三项食品中的残留容许量。
毒性
原药对大鼠急性经口LD50值为630 mg/kg(雄性),570 mg/kg(雌性);对雄小鼠的LD50值是2200 mg/kg,雌小鼠则为1450 mg/kg。皮肤接触无刺激作用,但眼睛有轻微刺激。无致敏性,长期饲喂试验未发现致癌、致畸或致突变效应。常规使用下对鱼类没有影响,鲤鱼LC50值为10 mg/L(48小时)。
化学性质
恶喹酸为固体,熔点310℃,相对密度1.55(25℃),蒸汽压小于1.46×10-4 Pa。它能够抑制DNA的合成,阻碍病菌分裂和增殖,并通过结合革兰阴性菌内的DNA超卷曲结构酶亚组A来阻止其复制,从而导致死亡。浸种或种子包衣处理后可达到97%以上的防效。
应用领域
用于防治水稻粒腐病、马铃薯黑腔病、软腐病和火疫病等;对白菜软腐病也有良好的保护作用。此外,在叶面喷施方面,恶喹酸还能够有效治疗疖疮病、弧菌病、类结节症等多种鱼类细菌性疾病。
生产方法
首先通过亚甲基二氧基苯的硝化和还原制备得到亚甲基二氧基苯胺;然后将其与乙氧基次甲基丙二酸二乙酯在80-90℃条件下加热反应3小时,再经环合、N-烷基化等步骤最终合成喹菌酮。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | ethyl 5-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,3-dioxolo<4,5-g>quinoline-7-carboxylate | 16172-03-5 | C15H15NO5 | 289.288 |
—— | 3-acetyl-1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline | 34841-20-8 | C14H13NO4 | 259.262 |
—— | nitrile of 1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonic acid | 57147-33-8 | C13H10N2O3 | 242.234 |
—— | 8-amino-7-carboxy-5-ethyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolinium betaine | 65937-59-9 | C13H12N2O4 | 260.249 |
—— | 7-acetyl-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8-one | 34841-19-5 | C12H9NO4 | 231.208 |
—— | 8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonitrile | —— | C11H6N2O3 | 214.18 |
—— | methyl [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxylate | —— | C12H9NO4 | 231.208 |
—— | 4-ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6,7-methylenedioxyquinoline | 33331-61-2 | C15H15NO5 | 289.288 |
—— | 2H-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4-(1-ethyl)-dione | 50332-64-4 | C11H9NO5 | 235.196 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 50332-56-4 | C14H13NO5 | 275.261 |
—— | 1-ethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonic acid | 18465-39-9 | C12H11NO5 | 249.223 |
5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊并(4,5-g)喹啉-7-甲酰氯 | 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carbonyl chloride | 19658-59-4 | C13H10ClNO4 | 279.68 |
—— | amide of 1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonic acid | 36860-54-5 | C13H12N2O4 | 260.249 |
—— | nitrile of 1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonic acid | 57147-33-8 | C13H10N2O3 | 242.234 |
—— | 9-amino-5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-7-carboxylic acid | 51624-54-5 | C13H12N2O5 | 276.249 |
—— | 5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo-[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbohydrazide | 1253115-67-1 | C13H13N3O4 | 275.264 |
—— | 5-chloro-1,4-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1-ethyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 80104-60-5 | C12H10ClNO5 | 283.668 |
—— | Benzyl 3-N-(1-Ethyl-1,4-Dihydro-6,7-Methylenedioxy-4-Oxoquinoline-3-Carbonyl)Aminopropionate | 104571-63-3 | C23H22N2O6 | 422.437 |
(2S)-2-[(5-乙基-8-氧代[1,3]二氧杂环戊并[4,5-g]喹啉-7-羰基)氨基]丙酸 | (S)-2-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)propanoate | 79721-05-4 | C16H16N2O6 | 332.313 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-ethyl-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 1429439-24-6 | C28H26ClNO7 | 523.97 |
—— | Ethyl 3-N-(1-Ethyl-1,4-Dihydro-6,7-Methylenedioxy-4-Oxoquinoline-3-Carbonyl)Aminobutyrate | 104571-59-7 | C19H22N2O6 | 374.393 |
—— | N-(1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6,7-methylenedioxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carbonyl)-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid | —— | C15H17N2O7P | 368.283 |
—— | Ethyl 4-N-(1-Ethyl-1,4-Dihydro-6,7-Methylenedioxy-4-Oxoquinoline-3-Carbonyl)Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylate | 104571-71-3 | C23H28N2O6 | 428.485 |
—— | (S)-2-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate | 956626-62-3 | C18H20N2O6 | 360.367 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-ethyl-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3-carbaldehyde | 1429439-26-8 | C28H26ClNO6 | 507.971 |
—— | 4-methoxybenzyl 5-chloro-1-ethyl-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3-carboxylate | 1429439-23-5 | C36H34ClNO8 | 644.121 |
—— | 5-ethyl-9-nitro-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-a]quinolin-7-carboxylic acid | 51624-70-5 | C13H10N2O7 | 306.232 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)quinolin-4(1H)-one | 1429439-25-7 | C28H28ClNO6 | 509.986 |
—— | (S)-2-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)-3-phenylpropanoate | 956569-92-9 | C22H20N2O6 | 408.411 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)glycyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C31H30FN5O8 | 619.606 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-(4-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)butanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C33H34FN5O8 | 647.66 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-(3-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)propanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C32H32FN5O8 | 633.633 |
—— | oxolinic acid | 1131147-59-5 | C19H14N4O4 | 362.345 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)glycyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C32H30FN5O8 | 631.617 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-(4-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)butanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C34H34FN5O8 | 659.671 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-(3-(5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamido)propanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C33H32FN5O8 | 645.644 |
—— | (S)-N-(1-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamide | 1414705-95-5 | C22H19N5O5 | 433.423 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-ethyl-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-4-oxo-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3-carboxamide | 1429439-47-3 | C34H38ClN3O6 | 620.145 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-isoleucyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C35H38FN5O8 | 675.714 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-ethyl-6,7-bis((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one | 1429439-27-9 | C32H35ClN2O5 | 563.093 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-phenylalanyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C38H36FN5O8 | 709.731 |
—— | (S)-N-(1-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamide | 1414706-00-5 | C24H23N5O5 | 461.477 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-isoleucyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C36H38FN5O8 | 687.725 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-phenylalanyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C39H36FN5O8 | 721.742 |
—— | (S)-N-(1-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxamide | 1381762-73-7 | C28H23N5O5 | 509.521 |
—— | 1-ethyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-tryptophyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C40H37FN6O8 | 748.768 |
—— | 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-((5-ethyl-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carbonyl)-L-tryptophyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | —— | C41H37FN6O8 | 760.779 |
—— | 5-ethyl-7-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-5H-[1,3]-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinolin-8-one | 1253115-70-6 | C14H11N3O4S | 317.325 |
—— | (6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[(1-ethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 122233-83-4 | C29H29N7O11S2 | 715.722 |